TABLE 5.
The association between blood pressure and energy ladder, stratified by anti-hypertension medicine a (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study in China, 2005–2009).
| Fuel type | Without anti-hypertension medicine (N = 38,839) | With anti-hypertension medicine (N = 6,023) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of hypertension | SBP (mmHg, 95% CI) | DBP (mmHg, 95% CI) | No. of hypertension | SBP (mmHg, 95% CI) | DBP (mmHg, 95% CI) | |
| Solid | 8,184 (36.3) | Ref | 2,718 (98.3) | Ref | ||
| Liquid | 209 (26.0) | −3.09 (−4.68, −1.50) | −0.56 (−1.58, 0.47) | 167 (98.8) | −6.94 (−11.1, −2.82) | −3.16 (−5.60, −0.71) |
| Gas | 4,186 (28.7) | −2.46 (−3.15, −1.76) | −0.46 (−0.91, −0.01) | 2,928 (98.7) | −1.40 (−3.40, 0.60) | −1.08 (−2.26, 0.11) |
| Electricity | 253 (28.2) | −5.45 (−7.05, −3.86) | −2.55 (−3.58, −1.52) | 119 (99.2) | −1.35 (−5.96, 3.27) | −1.86 (−4.58, 0.89) |
| p value (for trend) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.40 | 0.10 | ||
a
Model adjusted for age, sex, location, smoking status, secondhand smoke exposure, drinking status, education level, occupational class, household wealth index, BMI status, physical activity, energy intake, personal medical history, ambient PM2.5 concentration, and random effect for center.
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.