TABLE 3.
HPLC based quantification of polyphenols in selected plant extracts.
| Concentration (µg/mg of extract) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenols | RT (min) | Allium sativum | Zingiber officinale | Withania somnifera | Curcuma longa | Mentha piperita | Lawsonia inermis | Nigella sativa | Azadirachta indica | ||||||||
| EA | M | EA | M | EA | M | EA | M | EA | M | EA | M | EA | M | EA | M | ||
| Vanillic acid | 9.54 | 6.28 ± 0.01 | 1.94 ± 0.02 | 7.85 ± 0.11 | 3.20 ± 0.01 | 8.31 ± 0.01 | 1.77 ± 0.01 | 2.51 ± 0.10 | 1.87 ± 0.01 | 3.20 ± 0.01 | 5.39 ± 0.01 | 2.41 ± 0.01 | Nd | 2.99 ± 0.12 | 4.84 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.01 | 4.55 ± 0.11 |
| Rutin | 13.63 | 14.19 ± 0.11 | 20.06 ± 0.05 | 5.66 ± 0.03 | 6.99 ± 0.01 | Nd | 16.98 ± 0.03 | 8.03 ± 0.11 | 35.71 ± 0.23 | 61.6 ± 0.23 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | Nd | 29.54 ± 0.11 | 19.01 ± 0.22 | 4.12 ± 0.01 | 23.74 ± 0.22 | Nd |
| Plumbagin | 22.39 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 1.31 ± 0.03 | 4.18 ± 0.03 | 5.10 ± 0.01 | Nd | 3.02 ± 0.02 | 13.27 ± 0.12 | 1.38 ± 0.01 | 3.00 ± 0.01 | 3.24 ± 0.02 | 3.98 ± 0.01 | 2.02 ± 0.01 | 2.18 ± 0.10 | 1.77 ± 0.11 | 5.02 ± 0.11 | 1.81 ± 0.01 |
| Thymoquinone | 22.65 | 0.66 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 1.53 ± 0.02 | 1.88 ± 0.01 | 11.31 ± 0.01 | 7.89 ± 0.02 | Nd | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 1.04 ± 0.01 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 1.37 ± 0.01 | 6.54 ± 0.21 | 4.01 ± 0.11 | 1.58 ± 0.02 | 2.69 ± 0.11 | 1.43 ± 0.01 |
| Gallic acid | 3.72 | Nd | Nd | Nd | 2.64 ± 0.02 | Nd | 1.30 ± 0.01 | Nd | Nd | Nd | 2.42 ± 0.02 | 22.24 ± 0.21 | 50.17 ± 0.22 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd |
| Catechin | 7.33 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 1.12 ± 0.01 | Nd | Nd | 1.34 ± 0.01 | Nd | 5.79 ± 0.03 | 93.04 ± 0.43 | 29.58 ± 0.23 | Nd | Nd | 1.54 ± 0.11 | 2.01 ± 0.02 |
| Syringic acid | 10.00 | Nd | 0.74 ± 0.01 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 1.38 ± 0.03 | 3.21 ± 0.01 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 29.32 ± 0.24 | 2.10 ± 0.01 | 3.69 ± 0.01 | 1.03 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 55.63 ± 0.35 | Nd | 1.60 ± 0.11 | 5.56 ± 0.11 | 1.85 ± 0.04 |
| Coumaric acid | 14.76 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 0.21 ± 0.01 | Nd | 0.36 ± 0.01 | Nd | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 2.85 ± 0.03 | Nd | 0.19 ± 0.10 | Nd | Nd | 0.08 ± 0.01 | Nd |
| Emodin | 29.05 | 28.71 ± 0.6 | 21.17 ± 0.06 | 171.92 ± 0.22 | 37.27 ± 0.23 | Nd | 44.73 ± 0.17 | 36.58 ± 0.34 | 79.32 ± 0.33 | 5.50 ± 0.02 | 3.26 ± 0.03 | 246.32 ± 0.44 | 15.58 ± 0.04 | 2.12 ± 0.01 | Nd | 74.09 ± 0.24 | 22.20 ± 0.33 |
| Gentisic acid | 8.08 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 33.35 ± 0.35 | 5.38 ± 0.21 | 2.03 ± 0.11 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd |
| Caffeic acid | 9.59 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | Nd | Nd | Nd | 1.15 ± 0.11 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 2.53 ± 0.02 | 12.98 ± 0.22 | Nd | 1.21 ± 0.22 | 2.79 ± 0.10 | 1.04 ± 0.01 |
| Ferulic acid | 13.08 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 4.53 ± 0.27 | 1.59 ± 0.11 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.02 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | Nd | Nd | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.01 |
| Luteolin | 19.58 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 3.20 ± 0.14 | 5.88 ± 0.11 | Nd | Nd | 12.34 ± 0.02 | 3.83 ± 0.02 | 24.28 ± 0.12 | 28.25 ± 0.11 | Nd | Nd | 78.43 ± 0.18 | Nd |
| Apigenin | 22.02 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 2.71 ± 0.13 | 0.75 ± 0.12 | 7.15 ± 0.16 | Nd | 2.98 ± 0.03 | 1.15 ± 0.03 | 3.39 ± 0.02 | 2.78 ± 0.01 | Nd | Nd | 0.94 ± 0.01 | Nd |
| Myricetin | 15.5 | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | 1.93 ± 0.11 | 8.23 ± 0.14 | 1.85 ± 0.01 | Nd | 7.64 ± 0.01 | 29.44 ± 0.13 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 1.29 ± 0.02 | Nd | Nd | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.05 |
| Quercetin | 18.51 | Nd | 8.31 ± 0.02 | Nd | Nd | 38.69 ± 0.09 | Nd | 10.12 ± 0.11 | Nd | 24.27 ± 0.11 | 57.45 ± 0.16 | Nd | 14.93 ± 0.02 | Nd | Nd | 97.45 ± 0.22 | 14.39 ± 0.02 |
| Kaempferol | 21.27 | Nd | Nd | 3.04 ± 0.07 | 1.08 ± 0.02 | 17.75 ± 0.12 | 2.81 ± 0.11 | 5.11 ± 0.02 | Nd | 13.38 ± 0.01 | 8.20 ± 0.01 | 2.32 ± 0.01 | 7.01 ± 0.03 | Nd | Nd | 16.99 ± 0.04 | 5.52 ± 0.02 |
Nd, not detected; RT, retention time; EA, ethanolic extract; M, methanolic extract.