TABLE 5.
Antifungal potential of tested extracts against dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes.
| Extracts | Antifungal assay | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum inhibitory concentration (µg/ml) (mean ± SD)* | ||||||||
| T. R | T. T | Al. A | A. T | Rh | A. F | A. N | F. D | |
| Allium sativum | ||||||||
| EA | 62.5 ± 0.11 | 62.5 ± 0.21 | 125 ± 0.22 | 125 ± 0.22 | 125 ± 0.11 | -- | 500 ± 0.22 | 125 ± 0.26 |
| M | 62.5 ± 0.13 | 62.5 ± 0.22 | 31.25 ± 0.23 | -- | 125 ± 0.21 | -- | 500 ± 0.25 | 125 ± 0.31 |
| DW | 62.5 ± 0.11 | 125 ± 0.21 | 62.5 ± 0.19 | 125 ± 0.22 | 31.25 ± 0.31 | 125 ± 0.15 | 500 ± 0.22 | 31.25 ± 0.32 |
| Zingiber officinale | ||||||||
| EA | 62.5 ± 0.23 | 125 ± 0.25 | 125 ± 0.26 | 31.25 ± 0.34 | 62.5 ± 0.26 | 250 ± 0.22 | 500 ± 0.28 | 62.5 ± 0.14 |
| M | 31.25 ± 0.25 | 250 ± 0.22 | 125 ± 0.25 | 62.5 ± 0.27 | 62.5 ± 0.21 | -- | 500 ± 0.34 | 62.5 ± 0.11 |
| DW | -- | 125 ± 0.21 | 500 ± 0.34 | 125 ± 0.26 | 31.25 ± 0.26 | 31.25 ± 0.24 | 500 ± 0.31 | 31.25 ± 0.31 |
| Mentha piperita | ||||||||
| EA | 125 ± 0.33 | 62.5 ± 0.22 | 250 ± 0.29 | -- | 31.25 ± 0.32 | -- | 500 ± 0.26 | 125 ± 0.17 |
| M | 125 ± 0.23 | 62.5 ± 0.34 | 62.5 ± 0.26 | 125 ± 0.36 | 125 ± 0.18 | 500 ± 0.14 | -- | 250 ± 0.21 |
| DW | 125 ± 0.22 | 31.25 ± 0.45 | 250 ± 0.31 | -- | 125 ± 0.36 | 250 ± 0.23 | 500 ± 0.27 | 125 ± 0.26 |
| Nigella sativa | ||||||||
| EA | 62.5 ± 0.25 | 31.26 ± 0.34 | 62.5 ± 0.23 | 125 ± 0.22 | 31.25 ± 0.17 | -- | 125 ± 0.29 | 31.25 ± 0.21 |
| M | 31.25 ± 0.25 | 62.5 ± 0.22 | -- | 250 ± 0.27 | 31.25 ± 0.31 | 500 ± 0.34 | -- | 31.25 ± 0.23 |
| DW | 62.5 ± 0.19 | 125 ± 0.51 | 62.5 ± 0.29 | -- | 31.25 ± 0.24 | -- | -- | 31.25 ± 0.34 |
| Azadirachta indica | ||||||||
| EA | 62.5 ± 0.16 | 250 ± 0.32 | 62.5 ± 0.44 | 125 ± 0.34 | 62.5 ± 0.21 | 62.5 ± 0.31 | 500 ± 0.27 | 62.5 ± 0.32 |
| M | 62.5 ± 0.23 | 125 ± 0.29 | 125 ± 0.36 | 125 ± 0.34 | 62.5 ± 0.25 | 500 ± 0.33 | -- | 62.5 ± 0.32 |
| DW | 62.5 ± 0.31 | 250 ± 0.16 | 31.25 ± 0.21 | 250 ± 0.17 | 125 ± 0.28 | 62.5 ± 0.13 | 62.5 ± 0.35 | 125 ± 0.34 |
| Lawsonia inermis | ||||||||
| EA | 62.5 ± 0.35 | 62.5 ± 0.23 | 62.5 ± 0.34 | 125 ± 0.32 | 125 ± 0.25 | 125 ± 0.35 | 125 ± 0.29 | 62.5 ± 0.15 |
| M | 125 ± 0.16 | 31.25 ± 0.15 | 125 ± 0.34 | 250 ± 0.21 | 125 ± 0.26 | 250 ± 0.33 | 250 ± 0.31 | 125 ± 0.23 |
| DW | 62.6 ± 0.11 | 125 ± 0.29 | 125 ± 0.25 | 125 ± 0.24 | 62.5 ± 0.31 | -- | -- | 62.5 ± 0.36 |
| Curcuma longa | ||||||||
| EA | 62.6 ± 0.24 | 125 ± 0.15 | 250 ± 0.31 | 31.25 ± 0.22 | 125 ± 0.41 | 250 ± 0.35 | 125 ± 0.36 | 62.5 ± 0.36 |
| M | 31.25 ± 0.27 | 31.25 ± 0.24 | 125 ± 0.17 | -- | 125 ± 0.26 | 125 ± 0.26 | 250 ± 0.31 | 125 ± 0.26 |
| DW | 31.25 ± 0.13 | 31.25 ± 0.18 | 250 ± 0.21 | 62.5 ± 0.32 | -- | 62.5 ± 0.27 | 250 ± 0.28 | 62.5 ± 28 |
| Withania somnifera | ||||||||
| EA | 125 ± 0.25 | 125 ± 0.28 | 62.5 ± 0.35 | 125 ± 0.33 | 62.5 ± 0.22 | 250 ± 0.26 | 250 ± 0.31 | 125 ± 0.31 |
| M | 125 ± 0.33 | 125 ± 0.31 | 125 ± 0.29 | 125 ± 0.28 | 62.5 ± 0.34 | 500 ± 0.22 | 250 ± 0.23 | 125 ± 0.33 |
| DW | 125 ± 0.28 | 250 ± 0.33 | 125 ± 0.31 | 125 ± 0.32 | 62.5 ± 0.41 | 250 ± 0.27 | 500 ± 0.28 | 125 ± 0.36 |
| Controls | ||||||||
| Terb | 0.005 ± 0.11 | 0.005 ± 0.13 | 0.005 ± 0.11 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Amp B | -- | -- | -- | 3.2 ± 0.12 | 3.2 ± 0.01 | 3.2 ± 0.12 | 3.2 ± 0.11 | 3.2 ± 0.09 |
| DMSO | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Candida albicans** | ||||||||
| Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) (mean ±SD)* | ||||||||
| A. sativum | Z. officinale | M. piperita | N. sativa | A. indica | L. inermis | C. longa | W. somnifera | |
| EA | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 3 ± 0.9 | -- | -- |
| M | 6 ± 0.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 5 ± 0.4 | -- |
| DW | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Controls | ||||||||
| Amp-B | 17 ± 0.54 | DMSO | -- | |||||
Values (mean ± SD) are average of triplicate analysis of each plant extract (n value of 1 × 3). The sample concentration was 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml in each corresponding well of the 96-well plate. EA, ethyl acetate extract, M, methanolic extract; DW, distilled water extract; --, No activity; T.R, Trichophyton rubrum; T. T, Trihcophyton tonsurans; Al. A, Alternaria alternata; Rh, Rhizopus arrhizus; A. F, Aspergillus flavus; A. N, Aspergillus niger; F. D, Fusarium dimerum; Terb, terbinafine; Amp-B, amphotericin B; **, disc diffusion method was applied for screening against Candida albicans.