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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Nurs. 2022 Dec 1;46(6):417–431. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000001139

Table 5.

Characteristics Associated with Membership in the Other Two Anxiety and Sleep Disturbance Latent Classes Compared to the No Anxiety and Low Sleep Disturbance Class

Characteristic Moderate
Anxiety +
High Sleep
Disturbance
High Anxiety
+ Very High
Sleep
Disturbance
Demographic Characteristics
More likely to be younger
More likely to be female
Less likely to be married or partnered
More likely to live alone
Less likely to be employed
More likely to have a lower annual household income
Less likely to exercise on a regular basis
More likely to self-report as Hispanic, Mixed, or Other
More likely to have childcare responsibilities
More likely to have elder care responsibilities
Clinical Characteristics
Lower functional status (KPS score)
Higher chemotherapy toxicity (MAX2 score)
Higher number of comorbidities
Higher comorbidity burden (SCQ score)
More likely to self-report anemia or blood disease
More likely to self-report depression
More likely to self-report back pain
More likely to self-report ulcer or stomach disease
More likely to self-report kidney disease
More likely to receive an NK-1 receptor antagonist and two other antiemetics
Sleep Disturbance Characteristics
Lower quality of sleep
Lower quantity of sleep
Worse sleep onset latency
Higher level of mid-sleep awakenings
Higher level of early awakenings
Higher use of medications for sleep
Higher level of excessive daytime sleepiness
Higher level of overall sleep disturbance
Symptom Characteristics
Higher depressive symptoms
Higher trait anxiety
Higher state anxiety
Higher morning fatigue
Higher evening fatigue
Lower morning energy
Lower evening energy
Lower cognitive function
More likely to report both cancer and non-cancer pain
Higher worst pain intensity
Higher pain interference
Quality of Life Outcomes
Medical Outcomes Study – Short Form 12
Lower physical functioning
Lower role physical
Lower bodily pain
Lower general health
Lower vitality
Lower social functioning
Lower role emotional
Lower mental health
Lower physical component summary score
Lower mental component summary score
Multidimensional Quality of Life Scale Cancer – Patient Version
Lower physical well-being
Lower psychological well-being
Lower social well-being
Lower spiritual well-being
Lower total quality of life score

Abbreviations: KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; NK-1, neurokinin 1; SCQ, Self-administered Comorbidity Questionnaire.