Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and risk factors by group prenatal care (GPNC) compared to individual prenatal care (IPNC) in three analytic samples; intent-to-treat, modified intent-to-treat, and per compliance in the Cradle study.
| Intent-to-Treat | Modified Intent-to-Treata | Per Complianceb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPNC | IPNC | GPNC | IPNC | GPNC | IPNC | |
| Demographic Characteristics | 1175 | 1173 | 824 (70.1) | 1111 (94.7) | 624 (53.1) | 1032 (88.0) |
| Other | 16 (1.4) | 15 (1.3) | 10 (1.2) | 13 (1.2) | 10 (1.6) | 13 (1.3) |
| Maternal age, (mean ± SD) | 25.3 ± 5.42 | 25.0 ± 5.32 | 25.4 ± 5.5 | 25.0 ± 5.3 | 25.6 ± 5.5c | 25.0 ± 5.3 |
| Language, English % | 987 (84.5) | 994 (85.0) | 681 (83.4) | 938 (84.7) | 504 (81.4) | 867 (84.3) |
| Education, High school or above % | 830 (75.1) | 819 (73.3) | 581 (75.3) | 766 (72.4) | 447 (76.5) | 712 (72.5) |
| Employment, Employed full or part-time % | 591 (54.0) | 593 (53.9) | 422 (55.2) | 556 (53.3) | 325 (56.2) | 520 (53.7) |
| ≥50,000 | 30 (3.8) | 34 (4.3) | 20 (3.6) | 34 (4.5) | 15 (3.5) | 32 (4.6) |
| Marital status, Married % | 212 (23.9) | 222 (23.5) | 175 (24.4) | 220 (23.4) | 154 (26.2) | 214 (23.6) |
| Medicaid eligible, % | 998 (96.2) | 1029 (96.8) | 763 (96.2) | 1025 (96.9) | 585 (95.6) | 966 (96.9) |
| No insurance any time within past year, % | 563 (49.1) | 579 (50.8) | 391 (49.0) | 543 (50.3) | 297 (49.2) | 506 (50.5) |
| Pregnancy Intention, % | 386 (34.0) | 368 (32.8) | 269 (34.0) | 353 (33.2) | 205 (34.2) | 328 (33.3) |
| Gestational age at entry to prenatal care, weeks (mean ±SD) | 9.21 ± 3.46 | 9.38 ± 3.47 | 9.2 ± 3.3 | 9.4 ± 3.4 | 9.1 ± 3.2 | 9.3 ± 3.4 |
| Gestational age study enrollment, weeks (mean ±SD) | 12.11 ± 3.95 | 12.24 ± 3.98 | 12.0 ± 3.8 | 12.3 ± 4.0 | 12.0 ± 3.8 | 12.2 ± 3.9 |
| Parity, Nulliparous, % | 522 (44.4) | 522 (44.5) | 356 (43.2) | 494 (44.5) | 260 (41.7) | 465 (45.1) |
| Obese (30+) | 474 (40.3) | 446 (38.0) | 327 (39.7) | 420 (37.8) | 241 (38.6) | 397 (38.5) |
| Risk Factors for Preterm Birth | ||||||
| History of prior LEEP/Cervical survey, % | 14 (1.2) | 11 (0.9) | 10 (1.2) | 10 (0.9) | 6 (1.0) | 9 (0.9) |
| Muellerian uterine anomaly, % | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.4) | 0 (0.0)a | 5 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.4) |
| Pregnancy conceived by ART, % | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Smoking during pregnancy, % | 196 (17.2) | 220 (19.3) | 127 (15.9) | 207 (19.1) | 83 (13.8)c | 194 (19.3) |
| Drinking alcohol during pregnancy, % | 52 (4.6) | 43 (3.8) | 34 (4.2) | 39 (3.6) | 24 (4.0) | 35 (3.5) |
| Previous preterm birth, %b | 106 (16.2) | 120 (18.4) | 64 (13.7)c | 113 (18.3) | 47 (12.9)c | 102 (18.0) |
| Previous hypertension, % | 122 (10.4) | 98 (8.4) | 82 (10.0) | 95 (8.6) | 55 (8.8) | 90 (8.7) |
| Bacterial vaginosis | 101 (8.6) | 111 (9.5) | 71 (8.6) | 110 (9.9) | 56 (9.0) | 104 (10.1) |
| Any vaginal bleeding in pregnancy, % | 95 (8.1) | 99 (8.5) | 52 (6.3) | 92 (8.3) | 40 (6.4) | 83 (8.0) |
| Cerclage placed during pregnancy, % | 13 (1.1) | 15 (1.3) | 9 (1.1) | 14 (1.3) | 6 (1.0) | 14 (1.4) |
| Cervical shortening (≤25 mm), % | 16 (1.6) | 19 (1.9) | 9 (1.2) | 18 (1.8) | 8 (1.4) | 17 (1.8) |
a
Patients attended ≥1 visit in their assigned treatment arm.
b
Patients attended ≥5 visits in their assigned treatment arm.
c
Significance of P < 0.05 for Group Prenatal Care participants compared to Individual Care.
d
Previous preterm birth percentages utilize multiparous patients only; nulliparous participants are excluded from this analysis