Table 7.

Descriptive statistics for independent variables

Variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Observations
GDPpc
Overall	10.008	0.687	8.27	11.35	N*T = 465
Between		0.6911	8.56	11.30	N = 31
Within		0.0896	9.68	10.34	T bar = 15
PHE
Overall	6.255	1.597	2.58	9.76	N*T = 431
Between		1.533	3.04	8.87	N = 31
Within		0.5171	4.52	7.53	T bar = 13.9
Physicians
Overall	347.088	76.740	207.91	612.21	N*T = 439
Between		71.438	225.58	570.30	N = 31
Within		27.513	264.44	454.85	T bar = 14.16
Pensions
Overall	10.388	2.702	4.90	17.70	N*T = 441
Between		2.544	6.44	15.30	N = 31
Within		0.985	6.73	13.13	T bar = 14.23
RiskPoverty M
Overall	18.537	11.052	3.40	70.70	N*T = 444
Between		10.286	5.18	52.27	n = 31
Within		4.880	1.97	38.28	T bar = 14.32
RiskPoverty F
Overall	25.715	13.023	4.4	75.90	N*T = 444
Between		12.180	8.22	62.36	N = 31
Within		5.580	8.12	46.42	T bar = 14.32
Education M
Overall	20.622	7.254	5.30	40.70	N*T = 465
Between		6.898	8.12	35.68	N = 31
Within		2.545	11.74	29.84	T bar = 15
Education F
Overall	16.907	8.072	4.40	43.2	N*T = 465
Between		7.248	6.04	34.93	N = 31
Within		3.769	6.61	28.61	T bar = 15
AirPollution
Overall	16.084	6.620	4.6	44.7	N*T = 459
Between		5.393	7.73	30.32	N = 31
Within		4.047	3.41	36.57	T bar = 14.81
Pesticides
Overall	2.824	2.465	0.02	11.32	N*T = 406
Between		2.415	0.03	9.29	N = 29
Within		0.653	0.53	6.42	T = 14
Alcohol
Overall	10.530	2.193	5.97	17.75	N*T = 397
Between		2.078	6.35	15.93	N = 31
Within		0.757	7.83	13.04	T bar = 12.81

F female, M male