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. 2022 Dec 8;3:40. doi: 10.1186/s43556-022-00098-9

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

An overview of therapeutic vaccine types in preclinical and clinical trials. Therapeutic vaccines have several types used in preclinical and clinical phase including molecular-based vaccines (peptide/protein vaccine, DNA and mRNA vaccine), vector-based vaccines (bacterial vectors vaccine, viral vectors vaccine and yeast-based vaccines) and cell-based vaccines (dendritic cells vaccines and genetically modified cell vaccines)