Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of treatment groups
| Placebo (n = 21) | Personalized immunotherapy (n = 15) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 69.7 ± 10.8 | 70.6 ± 15.1 | 0.838∗ |
| Male gender, n (%) | 12 (57.1) | 10 (66.7) | 0.732∗∗ |
| CCI, mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 0.062∗ |
| ΑPACHE II score, mean ± SD | 18.2 ± 8.7 | 30.5 ± 9.4 | 0.376∗ |
| SOFA score, mean ± SD | 14.5 ± 2.8 | 14.3 ± 3.1 | 0.843∗ |
| Type of infection, n (%) | |||
| Community-acquired pneumonia | 10 (47.6) | 2 (13.3) | 0.040∗∗ |
| Hospital-acquired pneumonia | 6 (28.6) | 8 (58.3) | 0.175∗∗ |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 3 (14.3) | 3 (20.0) | 0.677 |
| Other | 2 (13.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1.00 |
| Main comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 6 (28.6) | 6 (40.0) | 0.499∗∗ |
| Chronic heart failure | 4 (19.0) | 8 (53.3) | 0.071∗∗ |
| Chronic renal disease | 0 (0) | 4 (26.6) | 0.023∗∗ |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7 (33.3) | 3 (20.0) | 0.468∗∗ |
| Administered antimicrobials, n (%) | |||
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 3 (14.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1.00∗∗ |
| Carbapenems | 10 (47.6) | 12 (80.0) | 0.083∗ |
| Tigecycline | 6 (28.6) | 3 (20.0) | 0.705∗∗ |
| Colistin | 13 (61.9) | 10 (66.7) | 1.00∗ |
| Vancomycin | 3 (14.3) | 4 (26.7) | 0.418∗∗ |
| Antimicrobial treatment according to ESCMID guidelines | 18 (85.7) | 12 (80.0) | 0.677∗∗ |
| Hydrocortisone replacement | 19 (90.5) | 10 (80.0) | 0.639∗∗ |
∗Comparison by the Student’s t test. ∗∗Comparison by Fisher’s exact test.
APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; ESCMID, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.