Table 1.
Summary of demographic, clinical, and keystroke dynamics.
| MS (n = 16) | HC (n = 10) | t/χ2/MLM estimate, p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age: mean years (SD) | 48.06 (9.55) | 46.70 (17.13) | −0.23, 0.822 |
| Sex | Fisher's, 0.644 | ||
| Female: number (%) | 13 (81) | 7 (70) | |
| Male: number (%) | 3 (19) | 3 (30) | |
| Education: mean years (SD) | 16.00 (2.03) | 15.60 (2.63) | −0.41, 0.687 |
| MS disease duration: mean years (SD) | 14.42 (9.41) | N/A | N/A |
| MS disease course | N/A | ||
| Relapsing-remitting: number (%) | 10 (62) | N/A | |
| Primary progressive: number (%) | 3 (19) | N/A | |
| Secondary progressive: number (%) | 3 (19) | N/A | |
| Operating system | Fisher's, 0.625 | ||
| iOS: number (%) | 14 (87) | 8 (80) | |
| Android: number (%) | 2 (13) | 2 (20) | |
| Number of days of data collection: mean number (SD) | 40.88 (16.56) | 30.6 (11.63) | −1.86, 0.076 |
| Proportion of time using one hand to type: %* | 38 | 19 | 542.70, p < 0.001 |
| Number of characters per typing session: mean number (SD) | 38.01 (50.02) | 63.30 (76.39) | 0.01, 0.107 |
| Median interkey delay (typing speed) per session: seconds (SD)* | 0.46 (0.40) | 0.26 (0.21) | −1.45, <0.001 |
| Interkey delay median absolute deviation per session: seconds (SD)* | 0.19 (0.22) | 0.11 (0.14) | 0.11, 0.032 |
Note. Welch's two-sample t test and Pearson's chi-squared test (or Fisher's exact tests for count data for comparisons with expected frequency <5) were used to examine group differences in demographic variables. MLM with keystroke sessions nested within persons were used to examine group differences in keystroke dynamics, adjusted for age, sex, years of formal education, operating system, and use of one or two hands (see Supplemental Table 3 for more details).
MS: multiple sclerosis; HC: healthy control; SD: standard deviation; MLM: generalized multilevel model.
*Statistically significant difference between MS and HC groups.