Table 1.

Clinical trials for PDAC that include targeting of autophagy.

CLINICAL TRIAL	REGIMEN	PHASE	RESULTS	REFERENCE
NCT01273805	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)	Phase II	No significant responses	Wolpin et al. 2014 (61)
NCT01128296	HCQ with Gemcitabine	Phase I/II	Decrease in CA19-9 Surgical oncologic outcomes were encouraging	Boone et al. 2015 (62)
NCT01777477	HCQ with Gemcitabine	Phase I	No dose-limiting toxicities Median time to progression was 4 months Median overall survival was 7.6 months	Samaras et al., 2017 (63)
NCT01506973	Gemcitabine hydrochloride and nab-paclitaxel (GA) ± HCQ	Phase II	Overall survival at 12 months was 41% in the HCQ group and 49% in the non-HCQ group Overall response rate was 38.2% in the HCQ group and 21.1% in the non-HCQ group	Karasic et al., 2019 (64)