FIGURE 2.

Metabolomic publications using machine learning in data analytics over the past 2 decades. PubMed was searched using the keywords “metabolomics” and “machine learning” from 2002 to 2022. Results were manually filtered to remove review articles and irrelevant publications. The counted publications include studies that use any of the mentioned ML algorithms in the context of metabolomic analysis, including classification problems, biomarker discovery, peak identification, metabolomic data analysis tools, and others. Only ML algorithms employed for disease model building are considered. (A) The total number of publications per year. (B) The number of publications using ML methods per year. The y-axis in (A) and (B) are different because in (B), it indicates only the ML methods discussed in this review. The total number of publications across panels (A) and (B) varies because publications often utilize multiple ML algorithms.