Table 1.
Generalized Additive Mixed-effects Models (GAMMs) examining associations between puberty and fronto-striatal resting-state functional connectivity. Age and sex were modeled as covariates in main and interaction models. Post-hoc within sex tests were performed only for fronto-striatal connections exhibiting significant puberty-by-sex interactions.
| Puberty main effect |
Puberty*sex interaction |
Puberty (in males) |
Puberty (in females) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Striatal ROI | Frontal ROI | F-statistic | pBonferroni | F-statistic | pBonferroni | F-statistic | pBonferroni | F-statistic | pBonferroni |
| NAcc | |||||||||
| ant.vmPFC | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.00 | |||||
| sgACC | 3.27 | .6930 | 0.73 | 1.00 | |||||
| rACC | 0.88 | 1.00 | 2.09 | 1.00 | |||||
| vACC | 0.53 | 1.00 | 1.62 | 1.00 | |||||
| dlPFC | 13.59 | < .0001 * ** | 2.12 | 1.00 | |||||
| vlPFC | 11.39 | .0002 * ** | 4.40 | .23 | |||||
| caudate | |||||||||
| ant.vmPFC | 7.04 | .017 * | 8.33 | .005 * * | 2.27 | .21 | 11.94 | < .0001 * ** | |
| sgACC | 0.67 | 1.00 | 4.58 | .19 | |||||
| rACC | 7.58 | .01 * | 5.94 | .049 * | 2.57 | .23 | 10.43 | < .0001 * ** | |
| vACC | 10.11 | .0008 * ** | 1.65 | 1.00 | |||||
| dlPFC | 6.85 | .02 * | 1.29 | 1.00 | |||||
| vlPFC | 10.02 | .0009 * ** | 8.42 | .004 * * | 5.50 | .012 * | 12.46 | < .0001 * ** | |
| putamen | |||||||||
| ant.vmPFC | 5.23 | .10 | 0.81 | 1.00 | |||||
| sgACC | 2.26 | 1.00 | 4.41 | .22 | |||||
| rACC | 2.57 | 1.00 | 0.39 | 1.00 | |||||
| vACC | 3.52 | .54 | 1.80 | 1.00 | |||||
| dlPFC | 3.07 | .85 | 1.60 | 1.00 | |||||
| vlPFC | 6.90 | .019 * | 3.21 | .74 | |||||
* pBonferroni < .05, * * pBonferroni < .01, * ** pBonferroni < .001
Abbreviations: ant. vmPFC, anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; rACC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex; vACC, ventral anterior cingulate cortex; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; vlPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.