Table 3.
Summary of detail computational simulation studies on bearing of hip joint prosthesis that adopted walking conditions over the past 30 years.
| Authors | Computational simulation software | Type of hip joint prosthesis | Computational simulation purposes | Adopted walking condition | Walking condition components |
Variation of adopted walking/others condition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loading |
Motion |
Cycle | ||||||||
| Type | Reference | Type | Reference | |||||||
| Affatato et al. [57] | ANSYS v. 18.1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Damsgaard et al. [71] | FE-AA-IER | Damsgaard et al. [71] | Full cycle | − |
| Ammarullah et al. [59] | ABAQUS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Ammarullah et al. [50, 72] | ABAQUS v. 6.14–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Tresca stress | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | |
| Barreto et al. [73] | ABAQUS v. 6.7 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Full cycle divided into 28 phases | − |
| Basri et al. [38, 54] | COMSOL Multiphysics v. 4.3b | Total hip arthroplasty | contact pressure, hydrodynamic pressure, and film thickness | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ISO 14242–1:2012 [74] | No motion | − | Full cycle | − |
| Brown et al. [75] | ABAQUS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Brand et al. [76] | FE | Brand et al. [76] | Full cycle | − |
| Cilingir [77] | ABAQUS v. 6.9 | Hip resurfacing | Von Mises stress and contact pressure | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Cilingir et al. [78] | ABAQUS v. 6.5 | Hip resurfacing | Contact pressure | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bergmann et al. [79] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Fialho et al. [47] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, wear, and heat generation | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle divided into 28 phases | − |
| Gao et al. [41] | Not mentioned | Total hip arthroplasty | Fluid pressure and film thickness | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | FE | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | Full cycle | − |
| Gao et al. [43] | ABAQUS v. 6.12 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Paul [64] | FE-AA-IER | Johnston and Smidt [80] | Full cycle divided into 41 phases | − |
| Gao et al. [56] | Not mentioned | Total hip arthroplasty | Fluid pressure, film thickness, and eccentricities | Simplified and Physiological walking condition | 1D load and 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE and FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle | Walking, stairs up/down, and stand up/sit down |
| Harun et al. [68] | ABAQUS v. 6.53 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | Paul [64] | FE-AA-IER | Johnston and Smidt [80] | Full cycle divided into 20 phases | − |
| Heijink et al. [45] | ABAQUS | Hip resurfacing | Von Mises stress | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Hua et al. [81] | ABAQUS v. 6.9 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and von Mises stress | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Udofia et al. [82] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Jamari et al. [83] | ABAQUS v. 6.14–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Jamari et al. [65, 84] | ABAQUS v. 6.14–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Jourdan and Samida [44] | MATLAB | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Paul [64] | FE-AA-IER | Johnston and Smidt [80] | Full cycle | - |
| Kang et al. [46] | MATLAB v. 7.0 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, sliding track. Cross-shear, and wear | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Paul [64] | FE-AA-IER | Johnston and Smidt [80] | Full cycle | |
| Krepelka and Toth-Taşcău [70] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Peak loading | Walking and stairs up/down |
| Liu et al. [85] | ABAQUS v. 6.8–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear, contact pressure, and cross-shear | Physiological and simplified walking condition | 1D and 3D load | Johnston and Smidt [80] (3D load), ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] (1D load), and ProSim hip joint simulator [86] (1D load) | FE-AA-IER, FE-AA-IER, and FE-IER | Johnston and Smidt [80], ISO 14242–1:2002 [74], and ProSim hip joint simulator [86] | Full cycle | Three different walking condition from Johnston and Smidt [80], ISO 14242–1:2002 [74], and ProSim hip joint simulator [86] |
| Liu et al. [87] | ABAQUS | Hip resurfacing | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | Leslie et al. [88] | FE-IER | Leslie et al. [88] | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Liu et al. [89] | Not mentioned | Hip resurfacing | Film thickness and film pressure | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | FE | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | Full cycle | − |
| Liu et al. [90] | Not mentioned | Total hip arthroplasty | Film thickness and hydrodynamic pressure | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | Rieker et al. [91] | FE | Rieker et al. [91] | Full cycle | − |
| Liu et al. [49] | ABAQUS v. 6.11–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and plastic strain | Simplified walking condition | Static load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | No motion | − | Specific condition | Static load under walking condition with magnitude of 0.5 kN and 3 kN |
| Liu et al. [66] | Adams 2013 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | FE-AA | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | Full cycle | − |
| Liu et al. [92] | ABAQUS v. 6.8–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, creep and wear | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ProSim hip joint simulator [86] | FE-IER | ProSim hip joint simulator [86] | Full cycle | − |
| Matsoukas and Kim [51] | MATLAB | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, creep, and wear | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle | Walking and stairs up |
| Maxian et al. [69] | ABAQUS v. 5.3 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Brand et al. [76] | FE | Brand et al. [76] | Stance phase divided into 16 phases | − |
| Maxian et al. [93] | ABAQUS v. 5.3 | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Mejia and Brierly [94] | FE-AA | Mejia and Brierly [94] | Full cycle | − |
| Mellon et al. [95] | MATLAB | Hip resurfacing | Contact pressure | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | independent measurement | Full cycle | Four different adopted motions |
| Meng et al. [48] | ABAQUS v. 6.7–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, displacement, fluid pressure, and film thickness | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | − | FE | Bergmann et al. [63] | Peak loading | − |
| Meng et al. [96] | ABAQUS v. 6.9–1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, film pressure, and film thickness | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | FE | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | Full cycle | − |
| Nithyaprakash et al. [97] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, principal stress and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | Normal walking with peak load 2.41 kN, normal walking with peak load 3.327 kN, sitting down/getting up, carrying load 25 kg, carrying load 40 kg, stairs up/down, and ladder up/down (70°) |
| Onisoru et al. [98] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Full cycle | Normal walking and stairs up/down |
| Pakhaliuk and Poliakov [99] | ANSYS and MATLAB | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Simplified walking condition | 2D load | ISO 14242–1:2012 [74] | FE-AA-IER | ISO 14242–1:2012 [74] | Full cycle divided into 25 phases | Walking, stairs up/down, standing up/sitting down, and deep squatting |
| Pakhaliuk [100] | ANSYS and MATLAB | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Simplified walking condition | 2D load | ISO 14242–1:2012 [74] | FE-AA-IER | ISO 14242–1:2012 [74] | Full cycle divided into 25 phases | − |
| Patil et al. [101] | Marc | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Brand et al. [76] | No motion | − | Full cycle | − |
| Peng et al. [58] | ABAQUS v. 6.12 | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | independent measurement | FE-AA-IER | independent measurement | Full cycle | − |
| Raimondi [102] | ABAQUS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Sutherland et al. [103] | Full cycle | − |
| Ruggiero et al. [67] | AnyBody Modelling System | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | Damsgaard et al. [71] | FE-AA-IER | Damsgaard et al. [71] | Full cycle | − |
| Saputra et al. [104] | ABAQUS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and von Mises stress | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Paul [64] | No motion | − | Peak loading | - |
| Shankar et al. [105] | ANSYS v. 14.0 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Shankar et al., [106] | ANSYS v. 14.0 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, von Mises stress, and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Shankar et al. [107] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Shankar et al. [108] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | Walking, lifting 40 kg, carrying 25 kg, stairs down 25 kg, ladder up 70o/90o, and ladder down 70o/90o |
| Suri et al. [109] | COMSOL Multyphysics | Total hip arthroplasty | Fluid pressure, film thickness, and displacement | Simplified walking condition | Static load | − | FE | Gao et al. [41] | Specific condition | − |
| Teoh et al. [110] | ABAQUS | Total hip arthroplasty | Von Mises stress, wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Brand et al. [76] | FE | Brand et al. [76] | Stance phase divided into 16 phases | − |
| Udofia and Jin [40] | ABAQUS v. 5.8–9 | Hip resurfacing | Contact pressure, displacement, film thickness, and film pressure | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Chan et al. [111] | FE | Chan et al. [111] | Full cycle | − |
| Uddin [112] | ANSYS v. 12 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure and von Mises stress | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bennett and Goswami [113] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Uddin and Chan [114] | ANSYS v. 17.1 | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, von Mises stress, and equivalent strain | Simplified walking condition | Static load | − | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Uddin and Zhang [52] | ANSYS | Total hip arthroplasty | Contact pressure, principal stress, and wear | Simplified walking condition | 3D load | Bergmann et al. [63] | FE-AA-IER | Bergmann et al. [63] | Full cycle divided into 32 phases | − |
| Vogel et al. [53] | ABAQUS | Total hip arthroplasty | Displacement and equivalent strain | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Bergmann et al. [115] | No motion | − | Specific condition | − |
| Wang and Jin [55] | Not mentioned | Total hip arthroplasty | Film thickness | Simplified walking condition | 1D load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | FE | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | Full cycle | − |
| Wang et al. [116] | ABAQUS v. 6.8–1 | Hip resurfacing | Contact mechanics | Simplified walking condition | Static load | Heller et al. [117] | No motion | − | Peak loading | − |
| Wang et al. [118] | Not mentioned | Total hip arthroplasty | Film pressure and fluid pressure | Physiological walking condition | 3D load | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | FE-AA-IER | ISO 14242–1:2002 [74] | Full cycle | − |
| Wu et al. [119] | Not mentioned | Total hip arthroplasty | Wear | Simplified walking condition | 2D load | Saikko et al. [120] | FE | Saikko et al. [120] | Stance phase divided into 16 phases | − |