Table 3.
Within-group analysis of all stress measures comparing positive affect at baseline (t–1) with time points t0 (stress reactivity), t1, and t2 (all groups recovered) adjusted for age and gender, and subsequent stressa.
| Stress type | Patients | At-risk | Controls | ||||||||||||
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b (CI) | P value | b (CI) | P value | b (CI) | P value | |||||||||
| Event-related stressb |
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t0 | –0.36 (–0.43 to –0.29) | <.001c | –0.35 (–0.44 to –0.27) | <.001c | –0.29 (–0.37 to –0.21) | <.001c | ||||||||
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t1 | 0.07 (–0.01 to 0.15) | .08 | –0.02 (–0.11 to 0.08) | .74 | 0.01 (–0.08 to 0.10) | .82 | ||||||||
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Age | –0.003 (–0.01 to 0.004) | .45 | 0.01 (0.002 to 0.02) | .01 | 0.01 (0.004 to 0.02) | .001 | ||||||||
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Gender | –0.11 (–0.26 to 0.04) | .16 | 0.06 (–0.14 to 0.27) | .55 | 0.01 (–0.14 to 0.17) | 0.87 | ||||||||
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Subsequent stress | –0.54 (–0.61 to –0.47) | <.001c | –0.37 (–0.46 to –0.28) | <.001c | –0.39 (–0.48 to –0.30) | <.001c | ||||||||
| Activity-related stressd |
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t0 | –0.49 (–0.60 to –0.38) | <.001c | –0.54 (–0.68 to –0.40) | <.001c | –0.61 (–0.75 to –0.47) | <.001c | ||||||||
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t1 | –0.07 (–0.19 to 0.05) | .23 | –0.07 (–0.23 to 0.10) | .42 | –0.08 (–0.23 to 0.07) | .28 | ||||||||
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t2 | 0.07 (–0.06 to 0.19) | .30 | –0.03 (–0.19 to 0.14) | .74 | –0.07 (–0.23 to 0.08) | .35 | ||||||||
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Age | –0.001 (–0.01 to 0.01) | .90 | 0.01 (0.003 to 0.02) | .008 | 0.009 (0.0002 to 0.02) | .04 | ||||||||
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Gender | –0.21 (–0.41 to –0.01) | .04 | 0.06 (–0.19 to 0.31) | .65 | 0.07 (–0.15 to 0.29) | .54 | ||||||||
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Subsequent stress | –0.58 (–0.73 to –0.44) | <.001c | –0.66 (–0.87 to –0.45) | <.001c | –0.60 (–0.80 to –0.40) | <.001c | ||||||||
| Composite stress measure |
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t0 | –0.38 (–0.45 to –0.31) | <.001c | –0.38 (–0.46 to –0.31) | <.001c | –0.32 (–0.40 to –0.25) | <.001c | ||||||||
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t1 | 0.03 (–0.04 to 0.11) | .42 | –0.03 (–0.11 to 0.06) | .53 | 0.02 (–0.06 to 0.10) | .58 | ||||||||
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t2 | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.16) | .04 | 0.02 (–0.07 to 0.10) | .72 | –0.02 (–0.10 to 0.06) | .65 | ||||||||
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Age | –0.001 (–0.01 to 0.01) | .69 | 0.01 (0.003 to 0.02) | .004 | 0.01 (0.003 to 0.02) | .003 | ||||||||
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Gender | –0.11 (–0.26 to 0.04) | .15 | 0.073 (–0.119 to 0.265) | .45 | –0.003 (–0.155 to 0.148) | .966 | ||||||||
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Subsequent stress | –0.53 (–0.60 to –0.47) | <.001c | –0.40 (–0.48 to –0.32) | <.001c | –0.47 (–0.54 to –0.39) | <.001c | ||||||||
aTime point t–1 (ie, baseline) serves as reference category; effect of female gender is depicted.
bMissing cases: nindividuals = 30; nprompts = 1182.
cSignificant after Simes correction.
dMissing cases: nindividuals = 348; nprompts = 7680.