TABLE 3.

Highest degree of participatory research researchers have undertaken (N = 170), based on Arnstein (1969) ladder of participation.

		n	%
Non-participatory research	I have not involved autistic people in my research	23	13.5
	It is not possible to involve autistic people in the research I do	6	3.52
Tokenistic research	Informing: I have shared my research findings with autistic people	113	66.5
	Consulting: I have asked autistic people for their views on a research project I designed	99	58.2
	Placation: I have surveyed autistic people to find out what research ideas they are interested in and then decided what to research based on this information	47	27.6
Participatory research	Partnership: I have worked in partnership with an autistic person to design a research project	55	32.4
	Delegated power 1: I have worked with autistic people who were not trained researchers, but we worked together to conduct research from start to finish	44	25.9
	Delegated power 2: I have worked collaboratively with autistic autism researchers	64	37.6
Citizen control	I am an autistic autism researcher	34	20