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. 2022 Dec 8;12(54):35083–35093. doi: 10.1039/d2ra06611d

XPS characteristics of Cu 2p3/2, Fe 2p3/2, and O 1s for the catalyst.

Sample Surface atomic concentration (%)
I (Cu+) I (Cu2+) I (Fe2+) I (Fe3+) I (Oα) I (Oβ)
CuFe-4.5 47.82 52.18 53.89 46.11 62.43 35.71
CuFe-9.5 38.28 61.72 44.75 55.25 47.39 33.85
CuOx 37.01 62.99 50.84 30.68
FeOx-500 43.23 56.77 54.05 24.02