XPS characteristics of Cu 2p3/2, Fe 2p3/2, and O 1s for the catalyst.
| Sample | Surface atomic concentration (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (Cu+) | I (Cu2+) | I (Fe2+) | I (Fe3+) | I (Oα) | I (Oβ) | |
| CuFe-4.5 | 47.82 | 52.18 | 53.89 | 46.11 | 62.43 | 35.71 |
| CuFe-9.5 | 38.28 | 61.72 | 44.75 | 55.25 | 47.39 | 33.85 |
| CuOx | 37.01 | 62.99 | — | — | 50.84 | 30.68 |
| FeOx-500 | — | — | 43.23 | 56.77 | 54.05 | 24.02 |