Table 1.
Candidate proteins showing supporting evidence of potential causality for schizophrenia by MR analysis, Steiger filtering analysis, and Bayesian colocalization analysis
| Tissue | Protein | MR analysis | Steiger filtering analysis | Bayesian colocalization analysis | Evidence of causal association | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | nsnp | pval | Beta | OR (95%CI) | pval | Causal direction | PPH4 | Colocalization | |||
| Brain | C4A C4B | Wald ratio | 1 | 1.66E−07 | − 0.35 | 0.70 (0.62–0.80) | 1.29E−15 | Correct | 0.969 | Yes | Yes |
| CSF | PLA2G7 | Wald ratio | 1 | 1.48E−04 | − 0.35 | 0.71 (0.59–0.85) | 7.41E−63 | Correct | 0.870 | Yes | Yes |
| CSF | IL36A | Wald ratio | 1 | 8.07E−17 | 0.98 | 2.67 (2.12–3.16) | 1.08E−73 | Correct | 1.92E−23 | No | No |
| CSF | TIE1 | Wald ratio | 1 | 4.76E−05 | 1.24 | 3.46 (1.90–6.28) | 1.72E−07 | Correct | 0.942 | Yes | Yes |
| CSF | BCL6 | Wald ratio | 1 | 1.59E−07 | 1.29 | 3.63 (2.24–5.58) | 1.60E−11 | Correct | 1.000 | Yes | Yes |
| CSF | MICB | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.31E−11 | 1.50 | 4.49 (2.89–6.97) | 8.06E−55 | Correct | 0.999 | Yes | Yes |
| CSF | ACP5 | Wald ratio | 1 | 3.73E−05 | − 0.87 | 0.42 (0.28–0.63) | 2.13E−17 | Correct | 0.959 | Yes | Yes |
| CSF | SERPING1 | Wald ratio | 1 | 8.25E−06 | − 0.78 | 0.46 (0.33–0.65) | 4.76E−20 | Correct | 0.090 | No | No |
| CSF | CNTN2 | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.57E−04 | − 0.47 | 0.62 (0.49–0.80) | 4.86E−47 | Correct | 0.821 | Yes | Yes |
| Plasma | CTSS | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.94E−04 | 0.76 | 2.13 (1.42–3.22) | 4.73E−27 | Correct | 0.110 | No | No |
| Plasma | IFNGR2 | Wald ratio | 1 | 3.59E−04 | 0.87 | 2.40 (148–3.87) | 3.22E−08 | Correct | 0.747 | No | No |
| Plasma | SERPING1 | Wald ratio | 1 | 5.07E−06 | − 0.52 | 0.59 (0.47–0.74) | 1.77E−15 | Correct | 0.650 | No | No |