Table 2.

Categories, subcategories, and codes about preparing households against earthquakes based on Bandura's social cognitive theory.

Categories	Subcategories	Example of the codes
Challenges related to cognitive factors	Lack of Knowledge	Impossibility of using educational materials (low literacy, illiteracy, old age) Reluctance to participate in training Lack of attractiveness of training Inadequacy of training Lack of time to attend training Lack of access to face-to-face and practical training The information propagated by social networks might be misleading.
	False Beliefs	Fatalism Misconceptions about the origin of earthquakes Believing that if they think too much about earthquakes, it will happen.
	Self-efficacy	Lack of belief in their ability to use tools and equipment Lack of belief in their ability to maintain calmness and appropriate behavior during an earthquake Lack of belief in their ability to learn and use the training Lack of belief in their ability to help others during an earthquake
	Negative outcome expectations	Having fear and stress during training and exercise Thinking that children have lack of understanding about preparation and drills and there is a possibility of psychological and physical harm to them The possibility of causing physical and mental injuries in the elderly, disabled and pregnant women due to movement restrictions and stress during exercise
Challenges related to behavioral factors	Lack of skills	Lack of skills in the correct arrangement of home furniture Lack of fire extinguishing skills at home Lack of first aid skills and ability to resuscitate patients Lack of skill in cutting off electricity and gas Lack of skill search and rescue
	Behavioral challenges before the earthquake	Failure to observe safety precautions Placing additional items in the staircase Placing the pot on the edge of the balcony Blockage of the route due to improper parking
	Behavioral challenges during the earthquake	Inappropriate behavior during the earthquake (unthoughfulness, confusion, etc.) Calling emergency services for trivial issues, which delays providing services to people in need.
	Behavioral challenges after the earthquake	Ignoring mild earthquakes and resting in an unsafe place Failure to observe safety precautions in the tent during emergency accommodation Creating traffic on the streets Emotional behavior and unnecessary travel to the affected area
Challenges related to the physical environment	Building (structural factors)	The impossibility of reducing structural vulnerability in rented houses Buildings are not resistant Building non-standard and illegal houses on the outskirts of the city Failure to observe engineering principles in construction
	Furniture and appliances (non-structural factors)	The impossibility of reducing non-structural vulnerability in rented houses Lack of securing home appliances such as shelves, chandeliers, etc. Worn out non-standard home appliances such as oven, stove, water heater, heater, etc. The house is not safe due to improper wiring and plumbing, etc. Improper arrangement of home appliances and furniture Lack of emergency stairs in most buildings
	Emergency equipment	Lack of emergency accommodation supplies such as tents, etc. (Failure to evacuate the house) Lack of access to special equipment for the disabled Lack of essential manual rubble collection equipment Insufficient home equipment and supplies, such as first aid box, etc.
	Physical texture of the neighborhood	Buildings in the neighborhood lack resistance The narrowness of the passages Apartment living and high population density
	Infrastructure	Lack of access to essential services and equipment in some areas Electricity, gas, and telephone were cut off during the earthquake.
	Weather factors	Emergency accommodation is impossible due to cold weather and rainfall. As a result of failing to evacuate the house at the time of the earthquake The possibility of secondary hazards due to the use of cold season heating machines
Challenges related to the social environment	Security	Failure to evacuate home due to insecurity and possibility of robbery from home Failure to observe others' privacy during emergency resettlement Failure to consider a suitable and secure place for emergency evacuation
	Communications	Inadequate communication with relatives, neighbors, etc., due to lifestyle Inadequate communication between family members Social isolation of vulnerable groups (elderly, disabled, etc.)
	Participation	Non-participation of residents for preventive measures and neighborhood preparation The discouragement of the residents due to the non-cooperation of some members of the neighborhood It is less possible to participate in neighborhood events in big cities.
Challenges related to financial factors	Financial resources	High cost of livelihood and lack of funding for preventive measures and preparations High cost of retrofitting buildings The expensive cost of renting safe houses
	Insurance	Lack of importance of building insurance Lack of financial power to pay insurance