Table 2.

The mechanisms and pathways of phytochemicals in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.

Phytochemicals	Source	Mechanisms and pathways	Other diseases	Author
Curcumin	Curcuma	Relieves inflammation Inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs)	Cancer, Autoimmune, Lung diseases, CAD	Yang.
Rhein	Rhubarb	Inhibits the activation of PSCs Alleviates oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress	Tumors, Inflammation, Diabetic Nephropathy	O’Connell
Green tea catechin derivatives	Green tea	Inhibits the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of PSCs	Esophageal cancer, Stomach cancer, Periodontal diseases	Gorabi.
Resveratrol	Polygonum cuspidatum Vitis	Alleviates PSCs activation Reduces extracellular matrix deposition	Inflammatory bowel disease, Heart failure, Diabetes	Gundewar
Ellagic acid	Cruciferae	Inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species Influences the expression of apoptotic genes	Allergic disease, Coronary disease	Liang.
Isoglycyrrhizin	Glycyrrhiza	Reduces macrophage infiltration Influences macrophage polarization Relieves inflammation	Endometriosis, Liver diseases, Cancers	Derosa.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide	Ganoderma lucidum	Antioxidant Reduces the secretion of inflammatory factors	Tumor, ImmunoregulatoryDiabetic	Aslan.
Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide	Inonotus obliquus	Antioxidant	Cancers, Type 2 diabetes	Wang.
Apigenin	Celery	Induces apoptosis of PSCs Inhibits inflammatory signal transduction	Diabetes, Amnesia, Alzheimer’s disease	Wicks.
Olive leaf extract	Olive leaf	Reduces the level of inflammatory factors	Melanoma, Brain injury	Lu.