TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| HFpEF (n = 146) |
HFrEF (n = 57) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 63 ± 13 | 60 ± 13 | 0.23 |
| Female | 72/146 (49.3) | 13/57 (22.8) | 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 93.7 ± 21.5 | 83.0 ± 17.6 | <0.001 |
| Height, m | 1.69 ± 0.10 | 1.73 ± 0.11 | 0.006 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.9 ± 7.5 | 27.4 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 0.22 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36/145 (24.8) | 17/56 (30.4) | 0.42 |
| Myocardial infarction | 10/145 (6.9) | 12/57 (28.2) | 0.006 |
| Hypertension | 100/146 (68.4) | 30/56 (53.6) | 0.05 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 6/145 (4.1) | 12/57 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 78/137 (56.9) | 34/54 (63.0) | 0.44 |
| Aspirin | 66/146 (45.2) | 38/57 (66.7) | 0.008 |
| Beta-blocker | 75/146 (51.4) | 42/57 (73.7) | 0.004 |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 26/146 (17.8) | 6/57 (10.5) | 0.28 |
| ACE inhibitor | 36/146 (24.7) | 24/57 (42.1) | 0.017 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 23/146 (15.8) | 12/57 (21.1) | 0.41 |
| Aldosterone inhibitor | 4/145 (2.8) | 27/57 (47.4) | <0.001 |
| Neprolysin inhibitor | 0/145 (0.0) | 3/57 (5.0) | 0.005 |
| Nitroglycerin | 15/146 (10.3) | 7/57 (12.3) | 0.80 |
| Diuretic | 68/146 (46.6) | 45/57 (78.9) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 81/146 (55.5) | 31/57 (54.4) | 1.00 |
| VO2 rest, mL/min | 297.7 ± 66.1 | 279.0 ± 61.1 | 0.06 |
| Indexed VO2 rest, mL/kg/min | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 0.06 |
| CavO2 rest, mL/dL | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate rest, beats/min | 75 ± 14 | 74 ± 14 | 0.73 |
| SBP rest, mm Hg | 148 ± 23 | 122 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| DBP rest, mm Hg | 76 ± 13 | 68 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| PP rest, mm Hg | 72 ± 19 | 54 ± 18 | <0.001 |
| PrPP rest, mm Hg | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
| Aortic SBP rest, mm Hg | 139 ± 20 | 117 ± 21 | <0.001 |
| Aortic DBP rest, mm Hg | 82 ± 13 | 73 ± 11 | 0.002 |
| Aortic PP rest, mm Hg | 57 ± 17 | 44 ± 15 | 0.002 |
| Stroke volume rest, mL | 67.8 ± 20.6 | 54.9 ± 16.8 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac output rest, L/min | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Upright right atrial pressure rest, mm Hg | 3 ± 3 | 3 ± 4 | 0.37 |
| Upright mean PAP rest, mm Hg | 19 ± 5 | 23 ± 8 | 0.003 |
| Upright mean PCWP rest, mm Hg | 8 ± 4 | 12 ± 8 | 0.002 |
| Supine right atrial pressure rest, mm Hg | 9 ± 4 | 8 ± 5 | 0.25 |
| Supine mean PAP, mm Hg | 25 ± 6 | 29 ± 11 | 0.028 |
| Supine mean PCWP rest, mm Hg | 16 ± 6 | 18 ± 9 | 0.22 |
| Aortic augmented pressure rest, mm Hg | 15 ± 11 | 11 ± 10 | 0.033 |
| Aortic augmentation index, % | 24.3 ±12.2 | 22.2 ± 15.3 | 0.54 |
Values are mean ± SD or n/N (%).
ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; BMI = body mass index; CavO2 = peripheral oxygen extraction; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HRrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; PAP = pulmonary arterial pressure; PCWP = pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PP = pulse pressure; PrPP = proportionate pulse pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VO2 = oxygen consumption.