Table 3.
Stressors and burdens of men and women living and not living at-risk-of-poverty (N = 8,100).
| At-risk-of-poverty | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | |||||||||||||
| Sample | At-risk-of-poverty | Not at-risk-of-poverty | Sample | At-risk-of-poverty | Not at-risk-of-poverty | |||||||||
| (N = 8,100) | (N = 342) | (N = 7,758) | (N = 8,100) | (N = 342) | (N = 7,758) | |||||||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |||||||
| Sum score PHQ stress | 4.01 (3.17) | 4.66 (3.47) | 3.98 (3.15) | 0.000 | 4.23 (3.34) | 4.96 (3.58) | 4.20 (3.33) | 0.000 | ||||||
| Concern about health | 0.71 (0.65) | 0.76 (0.70) | 0.71 (0.65) | 0.147 | 0.73 (0.67) | 0.83 (0.68) | 0.73 (0.67) | 0.008 | ||||||
| Concern about weight and looks | 0.59 (0.67) | 0.66 (0.67) | 0.59 (0.67) | 0.053 | 0.70 (0.69) | 0.77 (0.71) | 0.70 (0.69) | 0.073 | ||||||
| Low or no sexual desire or pleasure during intercourse | 0.49 (0.65) | 0.42 (0.62) | 0.50 (0.65) | 0.042 | 0.55 (0.67) | 0.53 (0.66) | 0.55 (0.67) | 0.540 | ||||||
| Problems with spouse or (life) partner | 0.38 (0.59) | 0.44 (0.65) | 0.38 (0.59) | 0.075 | 0.41 (0.61) | 0.44 (0.60) | 0.41 (0.61) | 0.385 | ||||||
| Burden of caring for children, parents or other family members | 0.45 (0.66) | 0.46 (0.65) | 0.45 (0.66) | 0.804 | 0.43 (0.65) | 0.46 (0.67) | 0.43 (0.65) | 0.343 | ||||||
| Stress at work or in school | 0.59 (0.73) | 0.54 (0.72) | 0.59 (0.73) | 0.181 | 0.58 (0.72) | 0.54 (0.72) | 0.58 (0.72) | 0.293 | ||||||
| Financial issues or concerns | 0.23 (0.49) | 0.66 (0.72) | 0.21 (0.47) | 0.000 | 0.22 (0.48) | 0.65 (0.71) | 0.20 (0.46) | 0.000 | ||||||
| Having no one to talk to about issues | 0.24 (0.49) | 0.34 (0.55) | 0.24 (0.48) | 0.000 | 0.36 (0.59) | 0.47 (0.66) | 0.36 (0.59) | 0.001 | ||||||
| Something bad that happened recently | 0.26 (0.57) | 0.36 (0.65) | 0.26 (0.56) | 0.002 | 0.26 (0.57) | 0.32 (0.61) | 0.26 (0.57) | 0.055 | ||||||
| Thoughts or dreams about bad eventsa | 0.23 (0.50) | 0.34 (0.61) | 0.22 (0.50) | 0.000 | 0.21 (0.48) | 0.33 (0.57) | 0.20 (0.48) | 0.000 | ||||||
| At-risk-of-poverty x gender | ||||||||||||||
| T1 | T2 | |||||||||||||
| Sample | At-risk-of-poverty | Not at-risk-of-poverty | Sample | At-risk-of-poverty | Not at-risk-of-poverty | |||||||||
| (N = 8,100) | Men | Women | Men | Women | N = 8,100 | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| (N = 154) | (N = 188) | (N = 3,870) | (N = 3,888) | (N = 154) | (N = 188) | (N = 3,870) | (N = 3,888) | |||||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |
| Sum score PHQ stress | 4.01 (3.17) | 4.27 (3.54) | 4.98 (3.40) | 0.061 | 3.59 (2.96) | 4.37 (3.29) | 0.000 | 4.23 (3.34) | 4.58 (3.47) | 5.27 (3.64) | 0.077 | 3.70 (3.17) | 4.69 (3.40) | 0.000 |
| Concern about health | 0.71 (0.65) | 0.71 (0.69) | 0.80 (0.71) | 0.247 | 0.65 (0.63) | 0.77 (0.66) | 0.000 | 0.73 (0.67) | 0.81 (0.70) | 0.84 (0.66) | 0.736 | 0.66 (0.65) | 0.80 (0.68) | 0.000 |
| Concern about weight and looks | 0.59 (0.67) | 0.51 (0.63) | 0.79 (0.68) | 0.000 | 0.49 (0.62) | 0.70 (0.70) | 0.000 | 0.70 (0.69) | 0.64 (0.69) | 0.87 (0.71) | 0.003 | 0.57 (0.64) | 0.83 (0.71) | 0.000 |
| Low or no sexual desire or pleasure during intercourse | 0.49 (0.65) | 0.50 (0.64) | 0.35 (0.59) | 0.030 | 0.49 (0.64) | 0.51 (0.66) | 0.093 | 0.55 (0.67) | 0.56 (0.66) | 0.49 (0.66) | 0.368 | 0.53 (0.66) | 0.57 (0.68) | 0.004 |
| Problems with spouse or (life) partner | 0.38 (0.59) | 0.44 (0.65) | 0.44 (0.65) | 0.925 | 0.36 (0.57) | 0.40 (0.61) | 0.004 | 0.41 (0.61) | 0.40 (0.58) | 0.48 (0.62) | 0.240 | 0.38 (0.59) | 0.44 (0.63) | 0.000 |
| Burden of caring for children, parents or other family members | 0.45 (0.66) | 0.40 (0.65) | 0.51 (0.65) | 0.160 | 0.39 (0.61) | 0.52 (0.70) | 0.000 | 0.43 (0.65) | 0.37 (0.61) | 0.55 (0.71) | 0.017 | 0.36 (0.60) | 0.50 (0.70) | 0.000 |
| Stress at work or in school | 0.59 (0.73) | 0.42 (0.65) | 0.62 (0.76) | 0.017 | 0.54 (0.69) | 0.65 (0.76) | 0.000 | 0.58 (0.72) | 0.47 (0.69) | 0.59 (0.75) | 0.164 | 0.52 (0.69) | 0.65 (0.75) | 0.000 |
| Financial issues or concerns | 0.23 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.69) | 0.72 (0.74) | 0.121 | 0.20 (0.46) | 0.22 (0.48) | 0.090 | 0.22 (0.48) | 0.56 (0.64) | 0.73 (0.75) | 0.026 | 0.20 (0.45) | 0.21 (0.47) | 0.150 |
| Having no one to talk to about issues | 0.24 (0.49) | 0.32 (0.52) | 0.36 (0.57) | 0.513 | 0.23 (0.47) | 0.25 (0.50) | 0.079 | 0.36 (0.59) | 0.42 (0.63) | 0.51 (0.68) | 0.260 | 0.30 (0.54) | 0.41 (0.63) | 0.000 |
| Something bad that happened recently | 0.26 (0.57) | 0.33 (0.61) | 0.37 (0.68) | 0.589 | 0.21 (0.51) | 0.30 (0.61) | 0.000 | 0.26 (0.57) | 0.32 (0.61) | 0.32 (0.62) | 0.967 | 0.21 (0.51) | 0.30 (0.62) | 0.000 |
| Thoughts or dreams about bad eventsa | 0.23 (0.50) | 0.37 (0.64) | 0.31 (0.58) | 0.333 | 0.17 (0.44) | 0.27 (0.54) | 0.000 | 0.21 (0.48) | 0.27 (0.50) | 0.38 (0.62) | 0.088 | 0.17 (0.44) | 0.23 (0.51) | 0.000 |
We used t-tests to test for significant differences between the groups. Significant p-values in bold. a “Thoughts or dreams about bad events from the past, e.g., the destruction of one's own home, physical violence or a sexual act under duress.”