Table 4.
Depressiveness, anxiety, and loneliness of men and women living and not living at-risk-of-poverty (N = 8,100).
| T1 | T2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At-risk-of-poverty | Not at-risk-of-poverty | At-risk-of-poverty | Not at-risk-of-poverty | |||||||||
| (N = 342) | (N = 7,758) | (N = 342) | (N = 7,758) | |||||||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |||||||
| Depressiveness | 5.14 (4.45) | 4.31 (3.84) | 0.000 | 5.04 (4.77) | 4.23 (3.94) | 0.000 | ||||||
| Anxiety | 0.94 (1.25) | 0.74 (1.06) | 0.000 | 1.01 (1.28) | 0.74 (1.10) | 0.000 | ||||||
| Loneliness | 3.91 (2.71) | 3.57 (2.43) | 0.012 | 4.27 (2.76) | 3.92 (2.55) | 0.014 | ||||||
| Respondents at-risk-of-poverty over time | Respondents not at-risk-of-poverty over time | |||||||||||
| T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | |||||||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |||||||
| Depressiveness | 5.14 (4.45) | 5.04 (4.77) | 0.007 | 4.31 (3.84) | 4.23 (3.94) | 0.580 | ||||||
| Anxiety | 0.94 (1.25) | 1.01 (1.28) | 0.922 | 0.74 (1.06) | 0.74 (1.10) | 0.564 | ||||||
| Loneliness | 3.91 (2.71) | 4.27 (2.76) | 0.000 | 3.57 (2.43) | 3.92 (2.55) | 0.008 | ||||||
| Respondents at-risk-of-poverty | Respondents not at-risk-of-poverty | |||||||||||
| T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | |||||||||
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| (N = 154) | (N = 188) | (N = 154) | (N = 188) | (N = 3,870) | (N = 3,888) | (N = 3,870) | (N = 3,888) | |||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |
| Depressiveness | 4.47 (4.10) | 5.69 (4.66) | 0.012 | 4.58 (4.13) | 5.42 (5.22) | 0.104 | 3.68 (3.55) | 4.94 (4.00) | 0.000 | 3.56 (3.70) | 4.89 (4.05) | 0.000 |
| Anxiety | 0.88 (1.22) | 1.04 (1.28) | 0.242 | 0.94 (1.16) | 1.06 (1.38) | 0.403 | 0.57 (0.95) | 0.90 (1.13) | 0.000 | 0.57 (0.96) | 0.91 (1.19) | 0.000 |
| Loneliness | 3.64 (3.86) | 4.12 (2.81) | 0.103 | 4.12 (2.67) | 4.39 (2.83) | 0.368 | 3.27 (2.30) | 3.86 (2.52) | 0.000 | 3.60 (2.38) | 4.25 (2.66) | 0.000 |
| Respondents at-risk-of-poverty | Respondents not at-risk-of-poverty | |||||||||||
| T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | |||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |
| Depressiveness | 4.47 (4.10) | 4.58 (4.13) | 0.682 | 5.69 (4.66) | 5.42 (5.22) | 0.306 | 3.68 (3.55) | 3.56 (3.70) | 0.005 | 4.94 (4.00) | 4.89 (4.05) | 0.245 |
| Anxiety | 0.88 (1.22) | 0.94 (1.16) | 0.525 | 1.04 (1.28) | 1.06 (1.38) | 0.844 | 0.57 (0.95) | 0.57 (0.96) | 0.540 | 0.90 (1.13) | 0.91 (1.19) | 0.540 |
| Loneliness | 3.64 (3.86) | 4.12 (2.67) | 0.027 | 4.12 (2.81) | 4.39 (2.83) | 0.131 | 3.27 (2.30) | 3.60 (2.38) | 0.000 | 3.86 (2.52) | 4.25 (2.66) | 0.000 |
We used t-tests to test for significant differences between the groups. Significant p-values in bold.