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. 2022 Jan 4;376:e064225. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-064225

Table 1.

Examples of long and short term boost interventions related to health

Target skills Target population Boost intervention
Long term boosts
Self-control People wanting to exercise regularly but failing to do so “Temptation bundling”­—ie, simultaneously pairing a behaviour that provides delayed rewards (such as exercise) with a pleasurable indulgence (such as watching a TV series), so the former becomes more instantly gratifying21
Smokers wanting to quit Meditation techniques to help control nicotine cravings27
Processing complex information General public Teaching intuitive decision strategies based on meal colour variety to facilitate healthy food choices28
Short term boosts
Health literacy Patients choosing between treatment options Fact boxes to communicate treatment benefits and harms23-25
Accurate diagnosis Doctors assessing patients with suspected cancer Collective intelligence rules: simple decision rules derived from the pooled judgments of multiple doctors29
Accurate perception of risk Patients receiving information about risk (such as risk of breast cancer) Experience based information formats30: user friendly simulators allowing people to explore the likelihoods of possible outcomes associated with particular behaviours (such as risk of breast cancer associated with drinking alcohol)
Processing complex information People deciding whether they should self-isolate during the covid-19 pandemic “Fast-and-frugal” decision trees: simple decision aids that limit the number of questions or frame choices intuitively and memorably31