Table 3. Correlation analyses between the 15 differentially regulated proteins and main clinical parameters in COPD patients of the COBRA cohort.

Biological processes	Target	With exacerbations (Y/N)		With emphysema (Y/N)		With unscheduled medical visits (Y/N)
		OR (2.5–97.5%)	FDR	OR (2.5–97.5%)	FDR	OR (2.5–97.5%)	FDR
Cell fate, remodeling and repair	AREG	0.78 (0.53–1.15)	0.310	0.49 (0.3–0.8)	0.004	0.69 (0.45–1.05)	0.122
	FGF16	0.81 (0.55–1.19)	0.347	0.54 (0.34–0.85)	0.007	0.74 (0.5–1.1)	0.164
	SHC1	0.64 (0.4–1.03)	0.102	0.33 (0.19–0.59)	0.001	0.58 (0.36–0.95)	0.057
	14-3-3 protein β/α	0.51 (0.32–0.81)	0.026	0.4 (0.24–0.68)	0.002	0.46 (0.28–0.75)	0.015
	eIF-4H	0.63 (0.46–0.86)	0.026	0.58 (0.41–0.82)	0.003	0.62 (0.45–0.86)	0.015
	Tropomyosin 4	0.78 (0.64–0.96)	0.042	0.71 (0.57–0.89)	0.004	0.78 (0.63–0.96)	0.049
Metabolism and mitochondria	Cyclophilin F	0.72 (0.57–0.91)	0.026	0.65 (0.5–0.84)	0.002	0.69 (0.54–0.88)	0.015
	Carbonic anhydrase XIII	0.80 (0.65–0.99)	0.068	0.74 (0.59–0.94)	0.013	0.77 (0.62–0.96)	0.049
	H2A3	0.87 (0.69–1.09)	0.310	0.81 (0.63–1.04)	0.099	0.87 (0.69–1.1)	0.268
Immunity and defense	BTK	0.72 (0.57–0.92)	0.026	0.63 (0.49–0.82)	0.002	0.73 (0.57–0.93)	0.035
	CD40 ligand	0.91 (0.64–1.3)	0.598	0.54 (0.35–0.81)	0.004	0.72 (0.5–1.05)	0.127
	Midkine	1.4 (1.06–1.84)	0.042	1.45 (1.08–1.94)	0.012	1.32 (1–1.74)	0.093
	Lactadherin	1.57 (1.07–2.3)	0.042	1.97 (1.31–2.95)	0.002	1.38 (0.94–2.01)	0.131
Tissue injury	MMP-12	1.13 (0.82–1.55)	0.484	1.45 (1.04–2.03)	0.031	1.11 (0.81–1.53)	0.561
	Renin	1.10 (0.86–1.41)	0.484	0.99 (0.77–1.27)	0.933	1.07 (0.84–1.37)	0.567

Abbreviations: DLCO, transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide; OR, odds-ratio; FDR, false discovery rate; AREG, Amphiregulin; FGF16, Fibroblast growth factor 16; SHC, SHC-transforming protein 1; eIF-4H: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H; BTK, Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK; MMP-12, metallopreoteinase-12.

OR was obtained through a logistic model.

Bold denotes statistical significance