. 2022 Oct 6;10(12):4345–4359. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3027

TABLE 1.

Chemical composition, particle size analysis, and specific surface area (m⁻¹) of different samples (mean ± standard deviation)

	BB	BS	EB	ES	W
Parameters
Humidity (%)	5.6 ± 0.07^a	6.71 ± 0.1^b	6.25 ± 0.05^d	6.21 ± 0.03^e	6.33 ± 0.1^c
Protein (%)	12.08 ± 0.1^c	16.38 ± 0.07^a	11.97 ± 0.02^c	16.37 ± 0.07^a	13.56 ± 0.31^b
Fat (%)	3.13 ± 0.05^e	7.41 ± 0.03^a	5.42 ± 0.17^c	5.77 ± 0.06^b	3.68 ± 0.03^d
Ash (%)	5.33 ± 0.1^a	4.01 ± 0.1^c	4.03 ± 0.12^b	4.52 ± ± 0.02^a	3.68 ± 0.1^c
Crude Fiber (%)	29.36 ± 0.22^a	15.17 ± 0.219^c	23.8 ± 1.3^b	13.06 ± 0.1^d	8.6 ± 0.52^e
IDF (%)	64.76 ± 0.15^e	55.86 ± 0.04^c	57.99 ± 0.09^d	53.03 ± 0.1^b	47.6 ± 0.2^a
SDF (%)	5.33 ± 0.25^e	7.18 ± 0.08^d	9.21 ± 0.09^b	12.21 ± 0.1^a	8.16 ± 0.2^c
TDF (%)	70.10 ± 0.1^a	63.04 ± 0.21^d	67.20 ± 0.17^b	65.24 ± 0.1^c	55.76 ± 0.2^e
IDF/SDF	12.16 ± 0.59^a	7.77 ± 0.09^b	6.29 ± 0.05^c	4.33 ± 0.03^d	5.79 ± 0.15^c
Particle size analysis
10% (μm)	241.441 ± 0.1^b	58.563 ± 0.21^d	217.316 ± 0.17^c	16.145 ± 0.1^e	295.192 ± 0.2^a
50% (μm)	388.006 ± 0.25^b	163.038 ± 0.08^d	358.33 ± 0.09^c	112.032 ± 0.1^e	436.742 ± 0.2^a
90% (μm)	560.446 ± 0.15^b	275.49 ± 0.04^d	513.39 ± 0.09^c	225.358 ± 0.03^e	587.79 ± 0.1^a
AP (m²/m³)	229.59 ± 0.59^d	257.77 ± 0.09^b	234.155 ± 0.05^c	410.118 ± 0.03^a	225.032 ± 0.15^e

Note: In each row, values with different lowercase letters have a significant difference (p < .05).

Abbreviations: BB, non‐extruded sample with large‐sized fractions; BS, non‐extruded sample with small‐sized fractions; EB, extruded sample with large‐sized fractions; ES, extruded sample with small‐sized fractions; W, control sample, wheat bran.