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. 2021 Nov 7;22(12):744–759. doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100081

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

3D‐printed devices for mammalian cell culture applications. (A) Microbioreactors for forebrain‐specific organoid generation and zika virus disease modeling. Reproduced with permission from [51]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (B‐i) A 3D‐printed co‐extrusion device with three inlets and (B‐ii) three separate conical layers conjoining to form a nozzle is employed to (B‐iii) encapsulate human neuronal stem cells into hydrogel microcapsules for high‐throughput differentiation. Adapted with permission from [56]. Copyright 2016, the Royal Society of Chemistry. (C‐i) A 3D‐printed microfluidic mixing device is used to (C‐ii) create stiffness gradient hydrogels and (C‐iii) study their mechanical influence on cell spreading using various fluorescence dyes for staining. Adapted with permission from [57]. Copyright 2020, the authors. Published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0)