Table 1.

Approaches for interventions and future research addressing structural racism

Approach	Description
• Apply an antiracism lens	When one encounters racial and ethnic disparities ask first, how might racism be operating here? Focus on what discriminatory policies and practices might be identified that produce and/or sustain racial inequity.
• Promote structural interventions	Promote interventions that can address major structures or drivers of health such as those that affect economic status, educational attainment, environment, community and social support, and access to care.
• Target multiple levels	This may include targeting multiple levels of disease prevention and intervention (patient, provider, and system level) and multiple levels of structural drivers (e.g., environment/food security and social support/community health worker).
• Promote effective community and stakeholder engagement	Many community partners and other nonacademic stakeholders are often more closely attuned to the many laws, policies, and practices that perpetuate community-level race-based inequities and the nuances through which they operate. Having them as partners is crucial to optimize antiracist interventions.
• Improve data collection	Optimizing collection of social determinants of health when feasible and demographic subgroups (e.g., in addition to Asian—Japanese, Indian, Korean, Cambodian, Filipino, Chinese) can allow for a more nuanced approach to understanding disparities at subgroup levels that may be hidden when they are pooled into large populations. This approach may also facilitate the identification of rare gene polymorphisms that may affect health outcomes and may have differing degrees of association with racial or ethnic groups or subgroups (e.g., high-risk APOL1 being more prevalent in West Africa than East Africa, cystic fibrosis being much more prevalent in Ireland than in Italy).
• Advance health equity through new health care models	New health care models to support health equity are rapidly emerging. This includes integration of holistic approaches and electronic health record tools to address medical needs and social risks, team-based care approaches such as shared decision making, and community health workers or navigators.