. 2022 Oct 25;41(6):644–656. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.112

Table 1.

Physical function and frailty assessment tools

Tool	Description	Estimated time (min)
Physical function assessment
Short physical performance battery test [31]	Measures the functional performance of the lower extremities using a set of 3 static balance tests, gait speed, and five times sit-to-stand test	≤10
Short physical performance battery test [31]	Scoring: 4 points for each domain; a maximum score of 12 points	≤10
Gait speed (4, 6, or 10 m or 6 min)	Gait speed can be measured for 4, 6, or 10 m or 6 min. The 6-min gait speed test assesses endurance and aerobic capacity. Gait speed is also highly correlated with cognitive function [30,32]. Most sarcopenia guidelines use < 1 m/sec as a cutoff [33].	≤5
Sit-to-stand (5 repetitions)	The time required to rise from the chair repeatedly 5 times. The measure of lower limb power and the ability to stand up after a fall. The cutoff for possible sarcopenia is ≥12 sec [33] and that for mobility limitation (ICOPE WHO) is >14 sec [3].	≤5
Timed up and go [34]	Participants need to stand up from a chair unassisted, walk 3 m, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down.	≤5
Timed up and go [34]	The test is used as a screening tool for falls and mobility.	≤5
Frailty assessment tool
FRAIL scale [27]	5-Item scale assessing fatigue, resistance, ambulation, ≥5 illnesses, and loss of weight	≤5
FRAIL scale [27]	Scoring: 1–2 points, pre-frail; 3–5 points, frail	≤5
Clinical Frailty Scale [35]	9-Point scale ranging from very fit to severely frail to terminally ill	≤5
Fried’s Frailty Phenotype Scale [26]	5-Item scale (requires physical measurement) assessing muscle strength, walking speed, physical activity, weight loss, and exhaustion	5–10
Fried’s Frailty Phenotype Scale [26]	Scoring: 1–2 points, pre-frail; 3–5 points, frail	5–10
Rockwood Mitnitsky Frailty Index [29]	Cumulative deficits (pre-determined list)	20–30
Rockwood Mitnitsky Frailty Index [29]	Frailty index = number of health deficits present/number of health deficits measured	20–30
Groningen Frailty Indicator [9]	Includes 15 questions across 8 domains covering mobility, vision, hearing, nutrition, comorbidity, cognition, psychosocial, and physical fitness. The test has limited sensitivity, especially for physical fitness.	≤10
Edmonton Frail Scale [36]	Based on the following 9 components: cognition, general health, functional independence, social support, medication use, nutrition, mood, continence, and functional performance	≤10
Edmonton Frail Scale [36]	Scoring: 0–5 points, not frail; 6–7 points, vulnerable; 8–9 points, mild frailty; 10–11 points, moderate frailty; 12–18 points, severe frailty	≤10

FRAIL scale, the fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight scale. ICOPE, Integrated Care for Older People; WHO, World Health Organization.