Fig. 3.

2-DG disrupts RNA template strand synthesis and inhibits RV-mediated cell death. HeLa Ohio cells were infected with RV-B14 (0.5 TCID₅₀/cell) and treated with 10 mM 2-DG for 24 h to measure intracellular negative and positive viral RNA strand (A) or released extracellular viral RNA (B). Cells infected with RV-B14 (0.005 TCID₅₀/cell) were treated with 3.57 mM 2-DG (IC₉₀ for RV-B14) for up to 48 h at 34 °C to measure viral load (C). Cells infected with RV-B14 (0.5 TCID₅₀/cell) and treated with the indicated concentrations of 2-DG for 24 h or 48 h at 37 °C for measurement of virus-induced cytopathic effect (D). Graphs show pooled results ± SEM of 2–4 independent experiments (A,B,D) or one experiment (C). ns: non-significant; p < 0.05 (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001). RV: rhinovirus. AU: Arbitrary units.