Fig. 4.

2-DG shows a dose-dependent antiviral effect on human coronaviruses. Viral load was measured from cell culture supernatants 24 h and 48 h post-infection. 2-DG treatment with the indicated concentrations was started 1 h post-infection. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 (MOI 0.001) released from LLC-MK2 cells (A), HCoV-229E (MOI 0.01) released from MRC5 cells (B) and HCoV-NL-63 (MOI 0.01) released from LLC-MK2 cells (C). Graphs show pooled results ±SEM of 3 independent experiments. ns: non-significant; p < 0.05 (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001). SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, HCoV: human coronavirus.