ChREBP-dependent glucose responses require T3. Ins-1 cells were cultured for 48 h in RPMI with 10% resin-stripped serum and the indicated concentrations of T3 and glucose. Response of ChREBPα (A, E), ChREBPβ (B, F), Txnip (C, G) and Pklr (D, H) mRNA levels to increasing glucose (A, D) or T3 (E, H) concentrations in cells incubated the presence (10 nM) or absence of T3 or in Low (2 mM) and High (20 mM) glucose. Data are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (I–L) In human islets, ChREBPα (I) and Txnip (L) transcription is dose dependent on glucose concentration, while ChREBPβ (J) and Pklr (K) are dependent on T3 concentration. Human islets from five different, non-obese human donors were dispersed and cultured for 72 h in RPMI with 10% resin stripped serum. Islets were cultured in three different glucose concentrations (2, 6 and 20 mM) in combination with four different T3 concentrations (0, 2, 5 and 10 nM). mRNA was extracted and quantified by qPCR. Data are the means ± SEM of five independent experiments. All mRNA levels were normalized to β-actin; ∗P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA.