Figure 6.

IL-1β stimulates IL-6 secretion from PBMCs and HAE

(A–C) PBMCs or HAE treated with 100 pg/mL or 1 ng/mL IL-1β. (A) IL6 transcripts relative to ACTB in PBMCs (B) IL6 expression relative to ACTB in HAE. (C) IL-6 secretion from pooled HAE supernatants or PBMCs.

(D) Schematic of HAE-PBMC co-culture experiment. Created with BioRender.com.

(E) IL-1β in supernatants from experiment in (D).

(F) IL-6 in supernatants from experiment in (D).

(G) Representative images of RNA-ISH in COVID-19 autopsy lungs. Scale bar represents 5 μm. Data points on graphs represent individual donors (HAE or PBMC) or donor pairs (HAE + PBMC) with bars shown as mean ± SEM. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, or ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 as calculated by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s (A and B) or Tukey’s multiple comparison test (C, E, and F).

See also Figure S6.