. 2022 Dec 9;42(1):101184. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101184

Table 3.

Factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19.

	Univariable HR [95%CI]	p-Value	Multivariable HR [95%CI]	p-Value
Age, per 10 years	0.99 [0.95–1.04]	0.72	0.96 [0.91–1.02]	0.18
Male gender	1.22 [1.07–1.38]	0.002	1.26 [1.09–1.46]	0.002
Active smoking	0.90 [0.69–1.17]	0.44	0.83 [0.61–1.12]	0.22
Body mass index ≥ 30 kg.m⁻²	1.04 [0.91–1.20]	0.57	1.05 [0.92–1.20]	0.45
Treated hypertension	1.08 [0.98–1.20]	0.12	1.00 [0.88–1.13]	0.97
Chronic heart failure	1.02 [0.77–1.35]	0.89	1.07 [0.78–1.49]	0.67
COPD	1.09 [0.83–1.44]	0.54	1.18 [0.92–1.50]	0.20
Diabetes	1.19 [1.07–1.33]	0.002	1.08 [0.94–1.23]	0.27
Chronic renal failure	1.19 [1.00–1.41]	0.05	1.10 [0.89–1.36]	0.37
Immunodeficiency	1.17 [1.00–1.38]	0.06	1.09 [0.89–1.34]	0.39
Concomitant bacterial pneumonia at admission	1.51 [1.28–1.78]	<0.001	1.36 [1.10–1.67]	0.004
Non-respiratory SOFA score at intubation, per point	1.04 [1.02–1.06]	<0.001	1.02 [1.00–1.05]	0.09
PaO₂/FiO₂ at intubation, per 10 mmHg	0.99 [0.98–0.995]	0.002	0.99 [0.98–0.99]	0.001
Leucopenia or hyperleucocytosis at intubation	1.10 [0.99–1.22]	0.08	1.07 [0.95–1.21]	0.24
Neuromuscular blockers^a	0.95 [0.85–1.07]	0.39	0.89 [0.76–0.998]	0.046
Prone positioning^a	1.14 [1.03–1.27]	0.02	1.11 [0.98–1.27]	0.10
Corticosteroids use^b	1.39 [1.23–1.57]	<0.001	1.27 [1.09–1.47]	0.002

At least during 48 h following intubation and before VAP diagnosis.

At least during 48 h following intubation and before VAP diagnosis at a dose greater than or equal to 40 mg prednisone equivalent.