FIGURE 1.

Light during embryonal/larval stage regulates sleep. Wild-type flies (Canton S, CS) were grown starting from embryo in LD12:12 or DD regime. After eclosion all flies were kept in LD12:12 and 2-days old males were used for DAMS locomotor analysis. Sleep and activity level were measured during second day of experiment. (A) Sleep profile of flies (measured as number of 5-min beans per hour) maintained without light during early life (DD/LD) shows differences with control (LD/LD) during first 8 h after light-on and during whole night. (B) Sleep time measured as number of minutes per 12 h showed that DD/LD group has decreased level of sleep during the night. Control flies show higher level of sleep during the night than during siesta, while experimental insects have similar level of sleep throughout the day. (C) Total activity measured as number of minutes per 24 h was increased in flies which spend early life in darkness compare with control. (D) Activity index measured as ratio of total activity per day and number of minutes awaked. Mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences shown as asterisks **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.