FIGURE 1.
Effects of propofol on the tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. On one hand, propofol may directly act on tumor cells, exerting anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects, and regulating drug resistance. On the other hand, propofol may act indirectly on the tumor microenvironment by anti-angiogenesis, regulating immunity, reducing inflammation, and remodeling the extracellular matrix (By Figdraw).