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. 2022 Nov 14;72(6):470–478. doi: 10.1007/s13224-022-01706-y

Table 2.

Different scoring systems with detailed clinical parameters: [19–21]

Scoring system Clinical parameters Limitation
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

A. Fever: (temperature > 38.3 °C)

B. Temperature: < 36° C or > 38 °C

C. PaCO2: less than 32 mmHg

D. Respiratory rate; more than 20 breaths/minute

E. Heart rate: more than 90 beats/minute;

F. Investigation:

  White blood cell count (WBC) > 12,000/cu mm

  OR WBC < 4,000/cu mm

  OR (band forms) immature WBC > 10%

1. High sensitivity

2. False positive

Sequential organ failure assessment score: (SOFA)

Interpretation:

  Positive: ≥ 2

 Score 1 2 3 4 Not validated in pregnancy
Respiration With respiratory support: PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) < 400 < 300 < 200 < 100
Liver function assessment: serum Bilirubin (mg dL−1) 1.2–1.9 2–5.9 6–11.9 > 12
Coagulation Platelets × 103/mm3 < 150 < 100 < 50 < 20
Cardiovascular system Maintain mean arterial pressure and use of vasopressor drugs(dose) Mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 70 mmHg

Dopamine < 5.0

or dobutamine (any dose)1

Dopamine = 5.1–15.0

or adrenaline < 0.1

or nor adrenaline < 0.11

Dopamine > 15.0

or adrenaline > 0.1

or noradrenaline > 0.11
Central nervous system assessment: Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)

GCS

13–14

GCS

10–12

GCS

6–9

GCS

 < 6
Renal system Creatinine (mg dL-1) 1.2–1.9 2.0–3.4 3.5–4.9 > 5.0  > 5.0
Urine output (ml) _ _  < 500  < 200

Quick sequential organ failure assessment score (qSOFA)

Interpretation:

  Positive: score ≥ 2

  Negative: score < 2

A. Respiratory rate: more than 22 breaths/minute

B. Systolic blood pressure: less than 100 mmHg

C. Altered mental status

  (Glasgow Coma scale score < 15)

Poor sensitivity

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (2021) panel issued a recommendation against its use for screening alone

National clinical early warning signs: (NEWS)

Scoring 0–20

Interpretation:

  High risk≥ 7

  Medium risk 5–6

  Low risk ≤ 4

Seven clinical parameters:

  1) Temperature

  2) Heart rate

  3) Respiratory rate

  4) Blood pressure

  5) Oxygen saturation

  6) Any supplementary oxygen

  7) Level of consciousness AVPU scale

    (AVPU: alert, voice, pain, unresponsive)

 Low specificity

Modified early warning signs (MEWS)

Interpretation:

  High risk ≥ 5

  Medium risk 3–4

  Low risk < 3

Six clinical parameters:

  1) Level of consciousness

  2) Temperature

  3) Heart rate

  4) Respiratory rate

  5) Blood pressure

  6) Urine output

Obstetrically modified—Sequential organ failure assessment score: (SOFA)

Interpretation:

  Positive > 2

  Negative < 2

 System parameters Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 More studies are required for its validation
Respiration PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 400 300–400 < 300
Coagulation platelets(*10^6/l) ≥ 150 100–150 < 100
Liver Bilirubin (micromole/L) ≤ 20 20–32 > 32
Cardiovascular mean arterial pressure (mmHg) ≥ 70 < 70 Vasopressors required
Central nervous system Alert Responds to oral commands Responds to painful stimuli
Renal Creatinine (micromol/L) ≤ 90 91–120 > 120

Obstetrically modified- quick Sequential organ failure assessment score(qSOFA)

Interpretation:

  Positive > 2

  Negative < 2

 Parameters Score 0 Score 1 More studies are required for its validation
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg < 90 mmHg
Respiratory rate: (breaths/minute) < 25 ≥ 25
Altered mentation alert Not alert