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. 2022 Nov 25;13:1019266. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019266

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Copyright © 2022 Grover, Shinde, Puri, Palmer, Sarath, Sattler and Louis

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Application of fall armyworm (FAW) regurgitant on sorghum wounded plants enhanced the expression levels of flavonoid pathway genes. RT-qPCR analysis of flavonoid pathway genes (A) FNSII, flavone synthase II; (B) FNR, flavanone 4-reductase; (C) CHS, chalcone synthase; and (D) DFR3, Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase. (E) Total flavonoids estimated using spectrophotometer in leaves of sorghum SC1345 plants after four applications of FAW regurgitant every 24 hours. Undamaged and wounded plants were used as controls (n = 3-4). Error bars represent ± SE. Different alphabets indicate significant difference relative to each other (P < 0.05). W + W, treatments in which water was applied to wounds; W + R, treatments in which FAW regurgitant was applied to wounds.