FIGURE 10.

Following envelopment, MVBs containing enveloped virions and ILVs traffic to the PM, fuse, and release virions and exosomes into the extracellular space through a bulk release mechanism. Simultaneously, virions that undergo envelopment on individual vesicles are thought to fuse directly with the PM to release single virions. Few regulators of virion egress have been characterised to date, however, many host proteins linked to exosome secretion have been associated with viral growth with involvement in egress. Cell type specific divergence, as well as cell-to-cell spread mechanisms, may exist in contrast to the schematic outlined. MVB, multivesicular body; vAC, viral assembly compartment.