Table 1.

Impacts of climate change on different domains of fish hatchery operations concerning to productivity.

Domain of impacts	Species	Climatic variables	Specific impacts	References
Broodstock development	Carps	Flash flood and water quality deterioration	Huge mortality of broodfish in open-water	Deshwara (2017)
	Carps	Climate induced river siltation	Breeding ground destruction	Akhter and Rahman (2016)
	Indian major carps	Rainfall and change in flood regimes	Reduced seed production in hatcheries	Vass et al. (2009)
	Tilapia	Rising temperature	Occasions of egg collection from a tilapia brood have been reduced from 11 to 7 times	Haque (2009)
Breeding and spawning	Tilapia	Temperature	Poor spawning in both high and low temperature. Egg production declined at 33 °C and stopped at 35 °C	M. S. Hossan et al. (2013)
	Tilapia	Temperature	Growth performance of tilapia decreased after 34 °C and such tendency continued above this temperature	Rahman et al. (2021)
	Common carp	Temperature	Negatively impacted different stages of breeding	Usman et al. (2015)
Hatching and larval development	Tilapia	Temperature	Temperature affects hatching and development of larvae	Hossain et al., 2021
	Tilapia	Temperature	Increased water temperature (from 30 to 33 °C) significantly decreased larval development.	Faruk et al. (2012)
	Climbing perch	Temperature	Manipulated temperature stimulated growth-related gene expression at juvenile stage	Ahammad et al. (2021)
Disease occurrence	Shrimp	Temperature	Temperature fluctuations caused disease outbreak in hatcheries	Ahmed and Diana, 2015a, Ahmed and Diana, 2015b
	Prawn	Fluctuation of pH, salinity, and temperature	Caused viral diseases in prawn and shrimp	Arcier et al. (1999)
	Grass carp, Common carp	High temperature	Caused mainly viral and other microbial diseases	Cheng et al., 2008
Impacts on economy	Fish hatchery of carp and other species	Storms, temperature fluctuation and erratic rainfall	Caused massive economic losses through adverse effects on breeding, hatching and nursing	Bhattacharjya et al. (2022)
	Brood fish of carp and other species	Heavy rainfall	Washed away of reared brood fish from fish hatcheries due to heavy rainfall driven flood	Bhattacharjya et al. (2022)