Table 4.
Psychosocial factors results.
| Effect | Variable Category | SF-36 Mental | BDI-II | STAI—State | STAI—Trait | Apathy Scale | UCLA Loneliness | Lubben Social Network Scale | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | P-Value | Estimate | P-Value | Estimate | P-Value | Estimate | P-Value | Estimate | P-Value | Estimate | P-Value | Estimate | P-Value | ||
| Intercept | 86.81 | <0.001 | −5.46 | 0.21 | 20.16 | 0.01 | 31.58 | 0.00 | 6.78 | 0.17 | 36.01 | <0.001 | 53.68 | <0.001 | |
| Age | −0.23 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.85 | 0.07 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.61 | −0.27 | 0.02 | |
| Sex | Female | −3.50 | 0.08 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 1.24 | 0.23 | 1.03 | 0.33 | −0.22 | 0.74 | −0.88 | 0.50 | 0.91 | 0.43 |
| Male | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Race | Other Racial Groups | 2.30 | 0.46 | 0.80 | 0.38 | 0.81 | 0.61 | 2.10 | 0.19 | −0.46 | 0.65 | 1.26 | 0.53 | −0.86 | 0.63 |
| White | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Ethnicity | Hispanic or Latinx | −5.07 | 0.22 | −0.45 | 0.71 | −0.17 | 0.93 | −2.54 | 0.23 | −0.23 | 0.86 | 0.09 | 0.97 | −2.41 | 0.31 |
| Not Hispanic or Latinx | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Highest Academic Degree | Some College /Associate’s Degree | 14.22 | <0.001 | −1.52 | 0.19 | −3.35 | 0.11 | −4.79 | 0.02 | −2.85 | 0.03 | −6.28 | 0.02 | 6.67 | <0.01 |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 15.71 | <0.001 | −2.50 | 0.03 | −2.88 | 0.15 | −3.53 | 0.08 | −2.17 | 0.08 | −5.13 | 0.04 | 3.13 | 0.16 | |
| Professional /Graduate Degree | 15.07 | <0.001 | −2.23 | 0.04 | −3.35 | 0.09 | −5.52 | 0.01 | −3.00 | 0.01 | −6.50 | 0.01 | 4.81 | 0.03 | |
| High School /GED | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Site | University of Florida | −0.45 | 0.82 | −0.61 | 0.29 | −0.53 | 0.61 | −1.44 | 0.17 | 0.48 | 0.46 | −0.34 | 0.79 | −1.17 | 0.31 |
| University of Arizona | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Timepoint | COVID-19 T1 | −8.21 | <0.001 | 3.52 | <0.001 | 1.12 | 0.16 | 0.94 | 0.12 | 2.30 | <0.001 | 1.54 | 0.01 | −4.61 | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 T2 | −7.36 | <0.001 | 3.03 | <0.001 | 0.81 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 0.34 | 2.28 | <0.001 | 1.27 | 0.03 | −4.70 | <0.001 | |
| COVID-19 T3 | −6.95 | <0.001 | 2.77 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 0.73 | −0.21 | 0.71 | 2.21 | <0.001 | 0.93 | 0.12 | −4.73 | <0.001 | |
| COVID-19 T4 | −6.48 | <0.001 | 2.32 | <0.001 | −0.25 | 0.76 | −0.59 | 0.32 | 1.87 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.12 | −4.57 | <0.001 | |
| COVID-19 T5 | −6.30 | <0.001 | 2.46 | <0.001 | −0.42 | 0.61 | −0.51 | 0.40 | 2.00 | <0.001 | 0.50 | 0.43 | −4.88 | <0.001 | |
| COVID-19 T6 | −6.16 | <0.001 | 2.72 | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.88 | −0.06 | 0.92 | 2.06 | <0.001 | 0.64 | 0.31 | −4.64 | <0.001 | |
| COVID-19 T7 | −6.51 | <0.001 | 2.59 | <0.001 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.78 | 2.27 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.26 | −4.93 | <0.001 | |
| COVID-19 T8 | −8.06 | 0.00 | 2.63 | <0.001 | 0.93 | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.91 | 2.55 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 0.14 | −5.00 | <0.001 | |
| Pre-Pandemic Baseline | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Contrast | Pre-Pandemic Baseline vs. COVID-19 T1–T8 | −7.00 | <0.001 | 2.75 | <0.001 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.93 | 2.19 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.09 | −4.76 | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 T1 vs. COVID-19 T8 | 0.16 | 0.90 | −0.89 | 0.04 | −0.19 | 0.77 | −0.86 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.48 | −0.52 | 0.36 | −0.39 | 0.34 | |
Notes: SF-36 Mental, Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire Mental Health Summary; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory—Second Edition; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles. This table contains the model estimates and respective significance values for the main effects of each covariate and timepoint, as well as, the contrasts of interest. The contrast “Pre-Pandemic Baseline vs. COVID-19 T1–T8” compares each measure obtained at a baseline assessment prior to the pandemic to an average of the same measure collected across eight assessments during the pandemic (i.e., the average of COVID-19 timepoints 1 through 8). The contrast “COVID-19 T1 vs. COVID-19 T8” compares each measure obtained at the first assessment during the pandemic compared to the last assessment during the pandemic (i.e., COVID-19 timepoint 1 vs. COVID-19 timepoint 8).