| Anthraquinones |
Aloe-emodin, aloetic acid, emodin, aloin A, aloin B, 6′-O-acetyl-aloin A, 6′-O-acetyl-aloin B, 10-hydroxyaloins A, 10-hydroxyaloins B, aloinoside A, aloinoside B, 7-hydroxyaloin A, 7-hydroxyaloin B, 7-hydroxy-8-O-methylaloin A, 7-hydroxy-8-O-methylaloin B, 6′-malonylnataloin A, 6′-malonylnataloin B, homonataloside B, elgonica dimer A, elgonica dimer B, aloindimer A, aloindimer B, aloindimer C, aloindimer D, aloe-emodin-11-O-rhamnoside, chrysophanol, emodin, physcione, aloe-emodin, nataloeemodin, aloesaponarin I, aloesaponarin II, madagascine, 3-Geranyloxyemodin, rhein |
Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity |
| Saccharides |
Pure mannan, acetylated mannan, acetylated glucomannan, glucogalactomannan, galactan, galactogalacturan, arabinogalactan, galactoglucoarabinomannan, pectic substance, xylan, cellulose, Veracylglucan B and veracylglucan C, glucose, galactose, mannose, and arabinose |
Regulates glucose metabolism by activating glycogenesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Modulates immune function |
| Flavonoids |
Apigenin, luteolin, isovitexin, isoorientin, saponarin, lutonarin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, quercitrin, rutin, catechin, epicatechin |
Protects beta cells from oxidative damage, increasing islet cell proliferation, stimulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme |
| Phytosterols |
Cycloartanol, 24-methylene-cycloartanol, lophenol, 24-methyl-lophenol, 24-ethyl-lophenol, lupeol, β-sitosterol, campesterol |
Reduces serum-free fatty acid, triglyceride levels, PPARɣ levels and improved glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism |
| Chromones |
Aloesin, aloeresin E, isoaloeresin D, aloeresin D, rabaichromone, aloeresin K, aloesinol |
Anti-oxidant activity |
| Polyphenols |
Cinnamic acid, p-coumaric, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 7-demethylsiderin, feralolide, dihydrocoumarin, Aloenin A, aloenin B, p-coumaroyl aloenin, aloveroside A, feroxidin 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylphenyl) ethenone, p-anisaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, p-cresol, pyrocatechol, gentisic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, ascorbic acid |
Improves insulin sensitivity, anti-oxidant property |
| Proteins |
Lectins and lectin like substances, polypetide fractions |
Improved glucose and lipid metabolism, Inhibits DPP-IV, reduces intestinal permeability, anti-inflammatory |
| Trace minerals |
Calcium, copper, zinc, magnesium, potassium, manganese, iron, choline, chromium, phosphorous, sodium, vanadium |
Insulinotropic effect |
