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. 2022 Nov 25;13:1069624. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069624

Table 2.

Impact of foliar spraying of stimulants and chemical and bio fertilization treatments on grain weight per ear,100-grain weight and grain yield of maize.

Foliar spraying GW/E 100-GW GY
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Mean F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Mean F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Mean
2019 season
TW 206.0b 122.6ij 111.0j 109.9j 150.0f:h 139.9d 37.91ab 26.81i:k 24.65jk 23.58k 30.55e:i 28.70b 8.79a:c 5.38g:i 4.88h 4.83h 5.64e:h 5.90c
HA 185.0c 175.9cd 156.1e:g 150.8f:h 125.2ij 158.6c 34.66b:d 31.69c:g 34.14b:e 30.72d:h 24.20jk 31.08a 6.91c:g 7.73b:d 6.36d:h 6.63d:h 4.95h 6.51bc
AA 133.5hi 213.6ab 172.3c:e 182.7c 139.5g:i 168.3b 24.86jk 35.23bc 34.10b:e 32.72c:f 29.90f:i 31.36a 7.33c:g 9.39ab 7.57b:e 8.02b:d 5.63f:h 7.59ab
HA+AA 159.3d:f 229.5a 171.5c:e 174.8cd 169.9c:e 181.0a 31.84c:g 40.31a 28.03g:j 31.30d:h 27.70h:j 31.83a 7.00c:g 10.08a 7.54b:f 7.18c:g 6.96c:g 7.75a
Mean 170.9B 185.4A 152.7C 154.5C 146.1C 32.32A 33.51A 30.23B 29.58BC 28.09C 7.51AB 8.15A 6.59BC 6.67BC 5.80C
2020 season
TW 221.2ab 118.0jk 106.8k 104.7k 130.2ij 136.2d 40.51a 22.74j 22.49j 21.16j 24.82h:j 26.34c 9.72ab 5.20jk 4.70k 4.60k 5.73ij 5.99d
HA 181.7de 183.0de 149.6gh 145.6g:i 114.1jk 154.8c 34.57bc 32.51c:e 30.19d:g 29.30e:g 22.44j 29.80b 7.98de 8.04de 6.57gh 6.41g:i 5.01jk 6.80c
AA 137.7hi 225.9a 155.4f:h 169.7ef 137.5hi 165.2b 23.34ij 40.43a 28.05f:h 32.11c:e 31.38c:f 31.06a 6.05hi 9.93a 6.82f:h 7.46ef 6.05hi 7.26b
HA+AA 155.4f:h 206.1bc 189.4cd 190.0cd 155.9fg 179.3a 29.56d:g 36.34b 33.49b:d 32.58b:e 27.01g:i 31.79a 6.82f:h 9.06bc 8.32cd 8.36cd 6.86fg 7.88a
Mean 174.0A 183.3A 150.3B 152.5B 134.4C 32.00A 33.00A 28.55B 28.79B 26.41C 7.64A 8.06A 6.60B 6.70B 5.91C

TW, tap water, HA, humic acid, AA, amino acids, HA + AA, mixture of humic acid + amino acids, F1, 100% NPK, F2, 75% NPK + biofertilizers, F3, 50% NPK + biofertilizers, F4, 25% NPK + biofertilizers, F5, biofertilizers, GW/E is grain weight/ear (g), 100-GW is 100- grain weight (g) and GY is grain yield (Mg ha-1). Means in italic refer to foliage applications, while none italic refer to fertilization treatments. Means followed by different letters in the same direction differ significantly by LSD (p ≤ 0.05).