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. 2022 Aug 1;81(1):26–54. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac040

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Effect direction plot for inflammation and hemostatic-related factors, presented by study design. Effect direction: upward arrow = positive health impact, downward arrow = negative health impact, sideways arrow = no change/mixed effects/conflicting findings. Final sample size (individuals) in intervention group: large arrow indicates >300; medium arrow indicates 50–300; small arrow indicates <50. Study quality, denoted by row color: green = low risk of bias; amber = some concerns; red = high risk of bias. The numbers in superscript in column 1 denote the reference numbers, and the numbers in superscript in column 3 denote the number of outcomes that contributed to the effect direction (if >1). A color version of this figure appears in the online version of this article.

Inline graphic — Effect direction plot for inflammation and hemostatic-related factors, presented by study design. Effect direction: upward arrow = positive health impact, downward arrow = negative health impact, sideways arrow = no change/mixed effects/conflicting findings. Final sample size (individuals) in intervention group: large arrow indicates >300; medium arrow indicates 50–300; small arrow indicates <50. Study quality, denoted by row color: green = low risk of bias; amber = some concerns; red = high risk of bias. The numbers in superscript in column 1 denote the reference numbers, and the numbers in superscript in column 3 denote the number of outcomes that contributed to the effect direction (if >1). A color version of this figure appears in the online version of this article.