Table 1.

Open questions in the APS-microbiome field.

Findings relevant for APS	Open questions in APS
Intestinal microbiome composition	• Verification studies with larger cohorts are needed to reveal microbiome composition in APS patients. • What is the role of the IgA coated bacteria in APS?
Experimental perturbation of the gut microbiome	• Can antibiotic or other microbial treatment reduce disease activity in human APS?
Molecular mimicry	• Is molecular mimicry present in all APS patients? • Does molecular mimicry contribute to disease in human APS? • What specific commensals show molecular mimicry in APS patients?
Diet and short chain fatty acids	• Can diet inhibit the development or influence disease activity of APS? • Do short chain fatty acids affect APS?