Table 3. Adjusted overall hazard ratios.
Model adjusted with age; sex; race/ethnicity (Hispanic, Non-Hispanic-Black, Non-Hispanic White, or other); categorized percent of those 25 years of age or greater with Bachelor’s (“low”, “low-medium”, “medium-high”, and “high”); categorized Area Deprivation Index (“Lowest”, “Lower-middle”, “Middle”, “Higher-middle”, “Highest”, and “Unknown”); categorized RUCA codes (Urban, Metropolitan, Other); categorized histology codes (Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and other carcinomas); categorized year of diagnosis (1990–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2017); month of diagnosis; and distance from residential address to a primary interstate highway, categorized into (<300 m, 300–1500 m, > 1500 m). NO2 adjusted with 2-year post-diagnosis timesplit covariate and PM2.5 adjusted with a 5-year post-diagnosis timesplit covariate.
| Overall Pollutant |
All Cause Death HRs (95%CIs) |
Person-years | Number of deaths | Lung Cancer Specific HRs (95%CIs) |
Person-years | Number of deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO2 Q1 | (ref) | 84,572 | 51,515 | (ref) | 46,083 | 39,989 |
| NO2 Q2 | < 2y 1.06 (1.04–1.07)>2y 0.60 (0.58–0.62) | 118,849 | 52,091 | < 2y 1.00 (0.98–1.02)>2y 0.64 (0.61–0.66) | 53,789 | 38,884 |
| NO2 Q3 | < 2y 1.35 (1.33–1.37)>2y 0.58 (0.56–0.60) | 112,194 | 57,155 | < 2y 1.23 (1.21–1.25)>2y 0.64 (0.61–0.66) | 59,257 | 43,942 |
| NO2 Q4 | < 2y 1.89 (1.86–1.93)>2y 0.78 (0.76–0.80) | 74,487 | 61,144 | < 2y 1.64 (1.61–1.68)>2y 0.83 (0.80–0.86) | 49,584 | 49,120 |
| NO2 Continuous | 1.17 (1.16–1.17) | 1.14 (1.14–1.14) | ||||
| O3 Q1 | (ref) | 54,065 | 47,988 | 25,642 | 36,995 | |
| O3 Q2 | 0.63 (0.63–0.64) | 111,682 | 55,239 | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | 57,906 | 42,852 |
| O3 Q3 | 0.47 (0.46–0.48) | 174,740 | 59,477 | 0.45 (0.45–0.46) | 89,948 | 44,065 |
| O3 Q4 | 1.12 (1.11–1.14) | 49,615 | 59,201 | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | 35,217 | 48,023 |
| O3 Continuous | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) |
1.04 (1.04–1.04) |
||||
| PM10 Q1 | (ref) | 44,585 | 53,674 | (ref) | 27,555 | 42,472 |
| PM10 Q2 | 0.47 (0.46–0.47) | 141,076 | 56,653 | 0.47 (0.46–0.48) | 71,709 | 42,462 |
| PM10 Q3 | 0.43 (0.42–0.44) | 154,003 | 55,871 | 0.44 (0.43–0.44) | 75,297 | 41,595 |
| PM10 Q4 | 0.94 (0.92–0.95) | 50,437 | 55,707 | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 34,151 | 45,406 |
| PM10 Continuous | 1.01 (1.01– 1.01) |
1.02 (1.01–1.02) |
||||
| PM2.5 Q1 | (ref) | 75,396 | 44,907 | (ref) | 35,574 | 33,409 |
| PM2.5 Q2 | < 5y 1.22 (1.21–1.24)>5y 0.56 (0.53–0.59) | 101,657 | 55,185 | < 5y 1.25 (1.24–1.28)>5y 0.66 (0.61–0.71) | 53,178 | 43,057 |
| PM2.5 Q3 | < 5y 1.41 (1.39–1.43)>5y 0.35 (0.33–0.37) | 121,374 | 60,263 | < 5y 1.39 (1.36–1.41)>5y 0.57 (0.52–0.61) | 63,775 | 46,934 |
| PM2.5 Q4 | < 5y 1.59 (1.56–1.62)>5y 0.67 (0.64–0.71) | 91,675 | 61,550 | < 5y 1.54 (1.50–1.57)>5y 0.38 (0.35–0.42) | 56,186 | 48,535 |
| PM2.5 Continuous | 1.15 (1.15– 1.16) | 1.14 (1.13– 1.14) |