Table 2.

Study characteristics and critical appraisal

Characteristic		Number of papers (n = 17)
Country	USA UK The Netherlands India Japan Malaysia	7 2 5 1 1 1
Publication year	2000–2005 2006–2010 2011–2015 2016–2020	1 1 7 8
Study design	Randomised trial (Quasi)experimental Pre-post test	12 3 2
Target group	Adults/women Mothers (to be)/parents Heavy/binge drinkers Families Children WIC clients*	6 5 4 1 1 4
Targeted eating behaviour (can be multiple in 1 paper)	Fruit and/or vegetables Alcohol Snacks/fast food/sugar/fat Breakfast Salt Whole grain Folic acid	11 5 4 2 2 1 1
Sample size at baseline	< 50 51–250 251–500  > 500	1 4 2 10
Assessment of SEP	Income Education level Neighbourhood index Housing Self-defined parents’ SEP	8 4 3 1 1
Critical appraisal	Low quality Moderate quality High quality	4 7 6

^* WIC is a US Government program for special supplemental nutrition for women, infants and children who are at nutritional risk. It was established in 1974, is available in all 50 states, and is eligible for pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants and children up to age 5 who meet income guidelines, and who are determined to be at nutritional risk (https://www.fns.usda.gov/wic)