Table 4.
Cluster analysis behavior variables included
| Cluster | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 22 | 26 | 24 | 26 |
| Variables used in clustering* | ||||
| Age in years | 57 [50–71]** | 62 [57–68] | 65 [60.5–73] | 63 [53–68] |
| Smoked PY | 39 [26–57] | 32 [20–40] | 33 [19–55] | 39 [23–50] |
| FEV1% pred | 71 [54–84] | 56 [42–66] | 71 [60–80] | 44 [36–53] |
| Dynamic hyperinflation post [air trapping] | − 0.22 [− 0.31–0.06] | − 0.31 [− 0.41–0.22] | − 0.12 [− 0.27 to − 0.04] | − 0.3 [− 0.43 to − 0.17] |
| BMI kg/m2 | 25 [23–29] | 25 [21–28] | 33 [30–36] | 22 [19–29] |
| MMRC dyspnoea score | 2 [1–3] | 1 [0–1] | 1 [1–2] | 2 [1–3] |
| CCQ total score | 2.8 [2.6–3.6] | 0.9 [0.6–1.7] | 2.4 [1.5–2.8] | 2.3 [1.8–2.8] |
| BDI-PC total score | 6 [4–10] | 0.5 [0–1] | 1 [0.5–1.5] | 1 [1–3] |
| Exacerbations p/y | 2 [1–3] | 0.5 [0–1] | 1 [0.5–1.5] | 1 [1–3] |
| Steps per day | 3885 [2442–5147] | 7010 [5063–9343] | 3727.5 [2781–5066] | 5361 [3516–7221] |
| NCSI quality of life | 42.1 [32.1–55.6] | 7.4 [4.4–10.4] | 11.5 [6.7–17.9] | 19.6 [11–29.7] |
| NCSI satisfaction relationship | 6 [5–8] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–4] |
| NCSI activities of daily living | 20.3 [8.8–36.9] | 5.4 [0–12.7] | 17.6 [10.5–23.5] | 20.9 [12.3–26.0] |
| NCSI fatigue | 49.5 [44–53] | 32 [27–38] | 41 [33.5–47] | 41 [37–49] |
| Other patient and disease characteristics | ||||
| Male/ female % | 55/45 | 38/62 | 67/33 | 46/54 |
| FVC% pred | 0.895 [0.83–1.05] | 1.03 [0.87–1.11] | 0.9 [0.84–1.01] | 0.96 [0.76–1.04] |
| GOLD stage % | ||||
| 1 | 27 | 0 | 25 | 7 |
| 2 | 59 | 62 | 67 | 31 |
| 3 | 9 | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| BOD score | 2 [1–5] | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 4 [3–5] |
*Hierarchical clustering is performed based 5 components with an eigenvalue > 1 with variables: age, packyears, FEV1% pred, BMI, mMRC, CCQ, BDI-PC, number of exacerbations per year, steps per day, QoL, satisfaction relationship, activities of daily living, fatigue, and dynamic hyperinflation
**Data are presented as N (%) or median [25–75 interquartile], unless otherwise stated. PY packyears, FEV1% pred Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s percentage predicted, FVC Forced Vital Capacity, BMI Body Mass Index, MMRC Modified Medical Research Council, CCQ Clinical COPD Questionnaire, BDI-PC Beck Depression Inventory for primary care. BOD Body mass index, airflow Obstruction and Dyspnea score