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. 2022 Dec 8;22:326. doi: 10.1186/s12911-022-02065-4

Table 5.

Comparison of Young women’s knowledge BC, BSE and BSE practices and CHBMS (n = 413)

Variable CHBMS Total scores Sensitivity Severity HealthMotivationn BSE benefits BSE barriers BSE self-efficacy
n (n = 413) X ± SD X ± SD X ± SD X ± SD X ± SD X ± SD X ± SD
Knowledge of BC
 Yes 146 109.98 ± 28.07 5.59 ± 2.72 18.09 ± 6.64 22.70 ± 8.15 12.96 ± 5.10 24.39 ± 8.13 26.22 ± 9.54
 No 267 109.03 ± 25.95 5.78 ± 2.63 19.12 ± 6.36 21.25 ± 7.75 12.61 ± 4.41 26.52 ± 8.41 23.73 ± 8.52
Statistics

Z = 0.81

P = 0.416

Z = 0.964

P = 0.335

Z = 1.422

P = 0.155

Z = 2.081

P = 0.037*

Z = 1.192

P = 0.233

Z = 2.621

P = 0.009*

Z = 2.489

P = 0.013*
Have you heard about BSE
 Yes 156 117.0 ± 24.02 5.56 ± 2.58 19.18 ± 6.30 22.54 ± 4.47 13.74 ± 4.53 25.82 ± 7.91 27.15 ± 8.84
 No 257 109.54 ± 27.85 5.81 ± 2.70 18.50 ± 6.57 21.29 ± 8.15 12.12 ± 4.64 25.73 ± 8.65 23.07 ± 8.70
Statistics

Z = 2.683

P = 0.007*

Z = 0.792

P = 0.428

Z = 0.584

P = 0.559

Z = 1.485

P = 0.001*

Z = 3.619

P = 0.001*

Z = 0.118

P = 0.906

Z = 4.508

P = 0.001*
Knowledge of BSE
 Yes 104 114.42 ± 27.61 5.53 ± 2.60 18.80 ± 6.52 22.88 ± 7.98 13.39 ± 4.76 25.66 ± 8.18 28.13 ± 9.80
 No 309 107.66 ± 26.20 5.77 ± 2.68 18.74 ± 6.47 21.38 ± 7.87 12.51 ± 4.61 25.80 ± 8.44 23.42 ± 8.35
Statistics

Z = 2.429

P = 0.015*

Z = 0.839

P = 0.401

Z = 0.080

P = 0.936

Z = 1.860

P = 0.063

Z = 1.912

P = 0.056

Z = 0.060

P = 0.952

Z = 1.860

P = 0.063
Have you done BSE before
 Yes 71 114.30 ± 26.35 5.04 ± 2.27 19.25 ± 6.70 22.64 ± 8.25 13.88 ± 4.84 24.84 ± 8.16 28.63 ± 9.95
 No 342 108.34 ± 26.68 5.85 ± 2.71 18.66 ± 6.43 21.58 ± 7.85 12.50 ± 4.59 25.96 ± 8.41 23.77 ± 8.52
Statistics

Z = 1.855

P = 0.064

Z = 2.321

P = 0.020*

Z = 0.799

P = 0.424

Z = 1.355

P = 0.175

Z = 2.647

P = 0.008*

Z = 1.159

P = 0.247

Z = 3.645

P = 0.001*
To know how to do BSE
 Yes 66 112.57 ± 29.32 4.98 ± 2.23 18.24 ± 6.58 22.27 ± 8.04 13.71 ± 5.10 24.06 ± 8.14 29.30 ± 10.18
 No 347 108.75 ± 26.16 5.85 ± 2.71 18.86 ± 6.46 21.66 ± 7.90 12.55 ± 4.56 26.09 ± 8.38 23.72 ± 8.43
Statistics

Z = 1.574

P = 0.115

Z = 2.344

P = 0.019*

Z = 0.735

P = 0.462

Z = 0.837

P = 0.403

Z = 2.317

P = 0.021*

Z = 1.936

P = 0.053

Z = 4.363

P = 0.001*
Have you had breast ultrasonography before
 Yes 35 111.28 ± 30.85 6.17 ± 2.78 19.0 ± 6.88 19.97 ± 7.45 13.31 ± 4.90 25.80 ± 7.86 27.02 ± 9.93
 No 378 109.19 ± 26.31 5.67 ± 2.65 18.08 ± 6.44 21.93 ± 7.95 12.68 ± 4.64 25.76 ± 8.42 24.38 ± 8.85
Statistics

Z = 0.748

P = 0.454

Z = 1.075

P = 0.282

Z = 0.601

P = 0.548

Z = 1.602

P = 0.109

Z = 0.853

P = 0.394

Z = 0.150

P = 0.880

Z = 1.456

P = 0.145
Knowledge about early detection methods of BC
 Yes 75 112.58 ± 28.36 5.52 ± 2.80 18.56 ± 6.09 21.93 ± 8.13 13.62 ± 4.97 25.02 ± 8.83 27.92 ± 9.78
 No 338 108.65 ± 26.30 5.76 ± 2.63 18.80 ± 6.56 21.72 ± 7.88 12.54 ± 4.57 25.93 ± 8.27 23.87 ± 8.61
Statistics

Z = 1.699

P = 0.089

Z = 1.026

P = 0.305

Z = 0.462

P = 0.644

Z = 0.461

P = 0.645

Z = 2.179

P = 0.029*

Z = 0.966

P = 0.334

Z = 3.486

P = 0.001*
Have you ever had a clinical breast exam
 Yes 24 118.70 ± 29.03 5.87 ± 2.52 19.12 ± 6.75 23.04 ± 8.34 14.41 ± 4.88 27.83 ± 9.58 28.41 ± 10.03
 No 389 108.79 ± 26.47 5.70 ± 2.67 18.74 ± 6.46 21.68 ± 7.90 12.63 ± 4.63 25.64 ± 8.28 24.37 ± 8.85
Statistics

Z = 2.242

P = 0.025*

Z = 0.501

P = 0.616

Z = 0.238

P = 0.812

Z = 0.892

P = 0.373

Z = 1.928

P = 0.054

Z = 1.084

P = 0.278

Z = 1.930

P = 0.054

CHBMS Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale, BSE breast self examination,  Z = Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 = Kruskal–Wallis test, *p < 0.05