Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for foot and ankle characteristics. Data presented as mean (SD) unless specified
| Domain | Variable (unit) | Mean (SD) | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foot posture | FPI | 4.20 (3.1) | -3-12 |
| Arch index | 0.23 (0.03) | 0.16–0.34 | |
| NNHt | 0.26 (0.03) | 0.19–0.36 | |
| Muscle strength | Plantarflexor (kg) | 10.46 (1.5) | 7.77–15.85 |
| Dorsiflexor (kg) | 8.09 (1.24) | 5.33–12.92 | |
| Invertor (kg) | 5.98 (1.09) | 3.67–8.94 | |
| Evertor (kg) | 5.12 (1.10) | 3.35–14.95 | |
| Hallux (%BW) | 11.77 (5.98) | 6-26.56 | |
| Lesser toe (%BW) | 8.66 (3.82) | 2.43–22.29 | |
| Range of motion | Ankle dorsiflexion (°) | 15 (7.04) | 2-34.67 |
| First MTP extension (°) | 47.55 (6.22) | 29.67-66 | |
| Peripheral sensation | Ankle tactile sensation, n (%) | 51 (27.3) | - |
| Deformity | Hallux valgus, n (%) | 77 (41.2) | - |
| Foot pain | MFPDI | 7.66 (8.8) | 0–34 |
| Plantar pressure | CPEI (%) | 16.42 (6.64) | 0.73–31.09 |
| Pressure-time integral (%BW*S/cm2) | 3.44 (1.244) | 1.52–7.92 | |
| COP velocity (cm/s) | 19.71 (402) | 11–29 |
Abbreviations: FPI Foot posture index, NNHt Normalized navicular height truncated, MTP Metatarsophalangeal, MFPDI Manchester Foot Pain Diasability Index, CPEI Centre of pressure excursion index, kg kilogram, BW Bodyweight, BW*S/cm2 Body weight second per square centimeter, COP Centre of pressure, cm/s centimeter per second