Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of health controls and schizophrenia patients with and without tardive dyskinesia
| Variables | HC group (n = 35) |
NTD group (n = 35) |
TD group (n = 35) |
F / χ2 / t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.4 ± 11.6a | 44.9 ± 11.3 | 45.1 ± 12.3 | 0.03 | 0.968 |
| Education (years) | 12.0 ± 3.1 | 11.4 ± 2.9 | 10.3 ± 2.7 | 3.09 | 0.051 |
| Sex (male/female) | 20/15 | 20/15 | 20/15 | 0 | 1.000 |
|
PANSS score Total (PANSST) |
– | 67.1 ± 16.0 | 75.6 ± 16.2 | 2.13 | 0.037 |
| Positive (PANSSP) | – | 17.5 ± 6.8 | 19.4 ± 6.1 | 1.19 | 0.240 |
| Negative (PANSSN) | – | 17.8 ± 6.5 | 22.2 ± 7.0 | 2.60 | 0.012 |
| General psychopathology (PANSSG) | – | 30.6 ± 8.4 | 33.9 ± 7.0 | 1.75 | 0.086 |
| AIMS total score | – | – | 14.6 ± 5.8 | – | – |
| Duration of disease (years) | 21.5 ± 12.1 | 21.1 ± 11.3 | − 0.14 | 0.887 | |
| Current medication time (months) | – | 30 (98) | 30 (132) | − 0.79 | 0.428 |
| Medication types (atypical/typical antipsychotics) | – | 30/5 | 32/3 | 0.57 | 0.452 |
AIMS Abnormal involuntary movement scale; HC Health controls; TD Tardive dyskinesia; NTD Without tardive dyskinesia; PANSS Positive and negative syndrome scale
a indicates mean ± SD for continuous variables; χ2 value is based on the chi-square test; F value is based on the generalized linear model for comparing three groups; t value is based on the generalized linear model for comparing two groups